Smart heating sleeping bags for improving wearers' thermal comfort at the feet

Zhang, Chengjiao; Lai, Dandan; Lu, Yehu; Wang, Faming; Kuklane, Kalev

doi:10.1186/2046-7648-4-s1-a92

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…MAR CON represents the non-heating traditional sleeping bag, and MAR HT is the smart heating sleeping bag to be examined in this study. The selection of a constant heating power (i.e., 20 W) was based on previous findings of our pilot study 27 , in which the heating power was stepwise adjusted from 0 to 45 W with 5 W increments. Both male and female subjects (i.e., 4 males and 4 females) rated thermoneutral when the power was set to 20 W during three-hour sleep time under the same environmental conditions as those used in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a novel smart heating sleeping bag to improve wearers’ local thermal comfort in the feet

Song

Zhang

Lai

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Previous studies have revealed that wearers had low skin temperatures and cold and pain sensations in the feet, when using sleeping bags under defined comfort and limit temperatures. To improve wearers’ local thermal comfort in the feet, a novel heating sleeping bag (i.e., MARHT) was developed by embedding two heating pads into the traditional sleeping bag (i.e., MARCON) in this region. Seven female and seven male volunteers underwent two tests on different days. Each test lasted for three hours and was performed in a climate chamber with a setting temperature deduced from EN 13537 (2012) (for females: comfort temperature of −0.4 °C, and for males: the limit temperature of −6.4 °C). MARHT was found to be effective in maintaining the toe and feet temperatures within the thermoneutral range for both sex groups compared to the linearly decreased temperatures in MARCON during the 3-hour exposure. In addition, wearing MARHT elevated the toe blood flow significantly for most females and all males. Thermal and comfort sensations showed a large improvement in feet and a small to moderate improvement in the whole body for both sex groups in MARHT. It was concluded that MARHT is effective in improving local thermal comfort in the feet.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a novel smart heating sleeping bag to improve wearers’ local thermal comfort in the feet

Song

Zhang

Lai

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…3–9 The aforementioned four temperatures are normally determined by thermal manikin test. 3–9 However, not all manufacturers strictly follow the EN13537 (2012) standard to label these operation temperatures. Hence, temperatures labeled by different manufacturers may vary largely even for sleeping bags with similar thermal insulation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the existing temperature prediction model adopted by the EN 13537 (2012) standard has been criticized by users for giving less consideration to local thermal comfort. 6–9…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve local thermal comfort in the feet region, we developed an electrically heated sleeping bag in our previous studies 6–8 by incorporating two heating pads into traditional sleeping bags in the feet region, and a series of research studies have been performed to assess the performance of the electrically heated sleeping bag. 6–8 It was found that the electrically heated sleeping bag could greatly improve the wearers’ local thermal comfort, as well as the foot and toe temperatures. 6–8 Although the electrically heated sleeping bag was effective in improving overall human thermal comfort at the extremities, overheating and insufficient heating were also discovered in some individuals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6–8 It was found that the electrically heated sleeping bag could greatly improve the wearers’ local thermal comfort, as well as the foot and toe temperatures. 6–8 Although the electrically heated sleeping bag was effective in improving overall human thermal comfort at the extremities, overheating and insufficient heating were also discovered in some individuals. 8 This defect was due to the non-automatic control of the heating supply (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Designing a smart electrically heated sleeping bag to improve wearers’ feet thermal comfort while sleeping in a cold ambient environment

Zhang

Ren

Liu

et al. 2016

Textile Research Journal

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In this study, a novel smart electrically heated sleeping bag was developed by incorporating a proportional–integral–derivative heating control system into a traditional sleeping bag. The smart sleeping bag was aimed to maintain human feet temperature within the thermoneutral range (i.e. 25.0–34.0℃) by automatically adjusting the heat power to the feet region based on real-time human toe temperatures. Subsequently, the performance of the newly developed smart sleeping bag in improving human thermal comfort was investigated by human trials. Eight female subjects underwent two 8-hour sleep trials, that is, the smart sleeping bag with power turned on (SleepingbagHT) and the smart sleeping bag with power turned off (SleepingbagCON). All trials were performed at an air temperature of 6.1 ± 0.5℃ (i.e. the EN 13537 defined comfort temperature for females), relative humidity of 80 ± 5% and air velocity of 0.4 ± 0.1 m/s. It was found that SleepingbagHT could maintain both the foot and toe temperatures within the thermal neutral range as well as keep the local-, and whole-body thermal and comfort sensations in thermal neutral state throughout the 8-hour cold exposure. In contrast, linearly decreasing foot and toe temperatures and aggravated local-, and whole-body thermal and comfort sensations were detected in SleepingbagCON within a 4.5-hour cold exposure. It could thus be concluded that the smart electrical heating sleeping bag was able to provide wearers an 8-hour comfortable sleep in the studied cold environment.

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Effects of personal heating on thermal comfort: A review

Tian

Liu

et al. 2022

J. Cent. South Univ.

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Smart heating sleeping bags for improving wearers' thermal comfort at the feet

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Use of a novel smart heating sleeping bag to improve wearers’ local thermal comfort in the feet

Use of a novel smart heating sleeping bag to improve wearers’ local thermal comfort in the feet

Designing a smart electrically heated sleeping bag to improve wearers’ feet thermal comfort while sleeping in a cold ambient environment

Effects of personal heating on thermal comfort: A review

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