Smart Hybrid Materials Equipped by Nanoreservoirs of Therapeutics

Abstract

Nanobiotechnology enables the emergence of entirely new classes of bioactive devices intended for targeted intracellular delivery for more efficacies and less toxicities. Among organic and inorganic approaches currently developed, controlled release from polymer matrices promises utmost clinical impact. Here, a unique nanotechnology strategy is used to entrap, protect, and stabilize therapeutic agents into polymer coatings acting as nanoreservoirs enrobing nanofibers of implantable membranes. Upon contact with cells, therapeutic agents become available through enzymatic degradation of the nanoreservoirs. As cells grow, divide, and infiltrate deeper into the porous membrane, they trigger slow and progressive release of therapeutic agents that, in turn, stimulate further cell proliferation. This constitutes the first instance of a smart living nanostructured hybrid membrane for regenerative medicine. The cell contact-dependent bioerodable nanoreservoirs described here will permit sustained release of drugs, genes, growth factors, etc., opening a general route to the design of sophisticated cell-therapy implants capable of robust and durable regeneration of a broad variety of tissues.

Evaluation of the Early In Vivo Response of a Functionally Graded Macroporous Scaffold in an Osteochondral Defect in a Rabbit Model

“…In a recent publication, it was revealed that rabbit MSCs becaome senescent when expanded in culture. 24 In an effort to overcome this limitation, rabbit cells were cultured in cell culture medium containing 2% rabbit serum. To ensure the MSCs retained their plasticity, tri-lineage differentiation assays 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Regarding inflammation, the PLCL scaffold was biocompatible with no evidence of inflammation or giant cells in or around the struts of the template after 4 weeks implantation, which agrees well with previous studies by Jung et al, 15,16 where PLCL was also shown not to evoke an adverse inflammatory response in vivo.…”

“…In a recent publication, it was revealed that rabbit MSCs became senescent when expanded in culture. 24 In an effort to overcome this limitation, rabbit cells were cultured in cell culture medium containing 2% rabbit serum. To ensure the MSCs retained their plasticity, tri-lineage differentiation assays were performed.…”

“…18 Moreover, it was also revealed that the optimal compressive modulus for functional tissue support was in the region 1-12MPa. 12 24 These studies present an alternative approach to that of scaffolds seeded with cells to promote hyaline cartilage repair. Not only will waiting periods associated with cell harvesting and expansion for ACI and MACI be reduced but just one surgical intervention will be required.…”

“…19 More 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 5 recently, Mendoza-Palomares et al developed a smart hybrid system equipped with nanoreservoirs of therapeutic agents, which promoted cartilage repair in an osteochondral defect. 24 These studies present an alternative approach to that of scaffolds seeded with cells to promote hyaline cartilage repair. Not only will waiting periods associated with cell harvesting and expansion for ACI and MACI be reduced but just one surgical intervention will be required.…”

Advanced Nanostructured Medical Device Combining Mesenchymal Cells and VEGF Nanoparticles for Enhanced Engineered Tissue Vascularization

“…In the recent years, a plethora of advanced biomaterials mimicking extracellular matrix were designed based on the micro-and nano-scale environment of tissues, using nanotechnologies as graphene, nanogrooves and carbon nanotubes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. More recently, and with the development of the third generation materials, there has been increasing interest in developing nanoparticles and nanoreservoirs containing active molecules able to bio-activate scaffolds [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”