Smart Metasurface for Active and Passive Cooperative Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves

Abstract

Integrating active and passive manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves has significant advantages for the caliber synthesis of microwave and optical integrated devices. In previous schemes, most reported designs focus only on active ways of manipulating self-radiating EM waves, such as antennas and lasers, or passive ways of manipulating external incident EM waves, such as lenses and photonic crystals. Here, we proposed a paradigm that integrates active and passive manipulation of EM waves in a reconfigurable way. As demonstrated, circularly polarized, linearly polarized, and elliptically polarized waves with customized beams are achieved in passive operation by merging Pancharatnam−Berry phases and dynamic phases, while the radiating EM waves with a customized gain are achieved by coupling the coding elements with the radiation structure in the active manipulation. Either active or passive manipulation is determined by the sensed signals and operating state to reduce detectability. Encouragingly, the proposed strategy will excite new sensing and communication opportunities, enabling advanced conceptions for next-generation compact EM devices.

An efficient parameter-retrieval-based surrogate-assisted optimization of on-platform honeycomb absorbing structures

“…shape, edge, and surface of an object to minimize reflections back to the radar, is one of the scattering methods [3]. Nonabsorptive metasurfaces (MSs) offer another approach by eliminating scattering between elements through equivalent amplitude and out-of-phase scattered waves [4][5][6][7][8]. On the other hand, radar absorbing materials are employed to absorb electromagnetic (EM) energy and convert it into heat, thereby reducing the RCS.…”

Single-Layer Programmable Metasurface for Manipulating Both Linearly and Circularly Polarized Electromagnetic Waves

“…Metasurfaces, a kind of two-dimensional artificially structured materials, − are engineered to obtain properties that have not yet been found in nature and have emerged as promising candidates for electromagnetic wave manipulations. − Owing to the unprecedented opportunities to manipulate electromagnetic characteristics, a variety of metasurfaces with different functions have been investigated and realized, such as absorber, , polarization converter, , OAM generation, − and wireless power transfer . However, the functionalities of these metasurfaces rely on the variations of the physical structures of meta-atoms, which are typically fixed once designed or fabricated.…”

Integrated Control of Radiations and In‐Band Co‐Polarized Reflections by a Single Programmable Metasurface

“…[28][29][30][31] Due to these compelling features, metasurfaces have been widely introduced to explore the integrated control of radiated waves and reflected waves. In most radiation-reflection-integrated designs, metasurfaces are tactfully spliced, embedded, or stacked to traditional antennas, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] where metasurfaces control reflected waves, and antennas control radiated waves. In addition, several other designs directly excite metasurface sub-arrays or each meta-element of metasurfaces to radiate EM waves by common feeding technics in antenna designs, [42][43][44][45][46] such as coaxial probe and gap coupling.…”

“…These designs all ingeniously combine design concepts of metasurfaces and antennas, realizing the integration of different radiation functions (high-gain radiation, [34,35] beam scanning, [39] polarization reconfiguration, [44] etc.) and reflection functions (radar-cross-section reduction, [32][33][34][35][36]38,[42][43][44][45] polarization conversion, [37,40,41] reflection field shaping, [39] etc.) on the same aperture.…”