Smart microscope: an adaptive optics learning system for aberration correction in multiphoton confocal microscopy

Albert, O.; Sherman, L.; Mourou, G.; Norris, Theodore B.; Vdovin, Gleb

doi:10.1364/ol.25.000052

Cited by 147 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…6(c) and 6(d). As can be observed from these figures, the state-space model (1) and (2) of the 40th order can predict relatively well the TADM's dynamic response.…”

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confidence: 55%

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Identification of a dynamical model of a thermally actuated deformable mirror

et al. 2013

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Using the subspace identification technique, we identify a finite dimensional, dynamical model of a recently developed prototype of a thermally actuated deformable mirror (TADM). The main advantage of the identified model over the models described by partial differential equations is its low complexity and low dimensionality. Consequently, the identified model can be easily used for high-performance feedback or feed-forward control. , a TADM has been used to correct static wavefront aberrations. In the above cited paper, a static (steady-state) model of the TADM has been identified and, on the basis of this model, a control action for the TADM has been derived as the solution of a constrained least-squares problem. However, this control strategy requires that the time between two consecutive control iterations is approximately equal to the settling time (or the rise time) of the TADM. Consequently, this wavefront correction strategy is relatively slow and its performance might be additionally degraded in the case of time-varying wavefront aberrations.To achieve fast correction of both static and timevarying wavefront aberrations, the time between control iterations has to be significantly smaller than the TADM's settling time. In such cases, a dynamical model of a TADM has to be developed to accurately correct wavefront aberrations [9,10]. Once this dynamical model has been obtained, model-based control strategies [11,12] can be employed to maximize the performance of the wavefront correction. Apart from the control perspective, a dynamical model of a TADM is important because it can be used to simulate the dynamical behavior of the AO system before the real system has been built.A dynamical model of a TADM must meet two requirements. First, it must accurately capture the TADM's dynamics. Second, to be used for control, it must be relatively simple [13,14] and preferably low dimensional (i.e., it must have a relatively small number of states). However, the dynamics of TADMs are governed by the thermoelastic system of partial differential equations (PDEs) [15]. Furthermore, in the case of the TADMs that have been proposed in [3,7], the thermoelastic system of PDEs must be coupled with the biharmonic plate equation [16]. The dynamical model based on these PDEs is infinite-dimensional and as such is too complex to be used for control. To apply the model-based control strategies of [11,12], a more compact, finite-dimensional model must be developed. One way to develop such a model would be to discretize the system of PDEs and corresponding boundary conditions using the finite element method (FEM) [17]. However, the FEM can be applied only if all physical parameters of the TADM are known. Furthermore, the FEM model is usually high dimensional and thus is still relatively complex to be used for control.In this Letter, we follow another way of model building that is based on system identification techniques [18]. Accordingly, from experimental data, we identify a loworder, state-space model of a recently developed TADM...

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“…6(c) and 6(d). As can be observed from these figures, the state-space model (1) and (2) of the 40th order can predict relatively well the TADM's dynamic response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In a large variety of adaptive optics (AO) applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], slowly varying or static wavefront aberrations must be corrected accurately. Thermally actuated deformable mirrors (TADMs) are suitable for these AO applications because they have a high position resolution with high reproducibility [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a dynamical model of a thermally actuated deformable mirror

et al. 2013

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“…There are optical aberrations in the imaging system and in the human eye, as well as artifacts due to specimen preparation of ex vivo specimens. One solution to the problem of aberrations is to incorporate an adaptive optics system (consisting of a wavefront sensor, a deformable mirror, and a feed-back control circuit) to minimize the spherical aberrations from the eye [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of ultrashort laser pulses (100-200 fs) can be used to generate microplasmas inside the cornea stromas [61,62]. These plasmas can cut inside the tissue while leaving the anterior corneal layers intact.…”

Section: Review Of Some Key Applications With Nonlinear Optical Micromentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of histology and linear and nonlinear microscopy of the living human cornea

Masters

2009

Journal of Biophotonics

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Journal of BIOPHOTONICSThe morphology and the function of cellular and noncellular structures in the living human cornea can be determined with modern correlative linear and nonlinear optical microscopic techniques and histology. Correlative microscopy is based on the use of different optical techniques to study the same specimen, ideally at the same location within the specimen, in order to increase the functional and/or morphological understanding of the specimen. A case study to assess the effect of overnight lid-closure on in vivo human corneal morphology is presented to illustrate correlative linear microscopy and optical low-coherence reflectometry. Nonlinear multiphoton excitation microscopy provides functional information on cellular metabolism based on the intrinsic fluorescence from the reduced pyridine nucleotides and the oxidized flavoproteins. Second-harmonic generation microscopy, a scattering process that does not deposit net energy into the tissue, provides structural information on corneal collagen organization. Molecular thirdharmonic generation microscopy generates a signal in all materials and it an emerging technique. Coherent antiStokes Raman scattering microscopy provides chemical imaging for biology and medicine. The comparison and limitations of these microscopic modalities, linear and nonlinear microscopy applied to the cornea, and a review of some key findings is analyzed. A correlative integration and correlation of linear and nonlinear microscopies to study corneal function and structure is proposed to validate the clinical interpretation of microscopic images of the cornea.Confocal microscopy image of in vivo human corneal nerves in the anterior stroma *

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“…The wavefront distortion induced by the inhomogeneous refractive index distribution will not only decrease the resolution, but also limit the achievable SNR and penetration depth. Adaptive optics has been applied to microscopy to compensate wavefront distortion for deep tissue imaging [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Multiple methods of wavefront measurement and compensation have been successfully demonstrated, such as direct wavefront sensing with a wavefront sensor [20] or a low coherence interferometer [21], feedback-based modal wavefront sensing [22] and pupilsegmentation based adaptive optics [23], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo volumetric imaging of biological dynamics in deep tissue via wavefront engineering

Kong¹,

Tang²,

Cui³

2016

Opt. Express

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Biological systems undergo dynamical changes continuously which span multiple spatial and temporal scales. To study these complex biological dynamics in vivo, high-speed volumetric imaging that can work at large imaging depth is highly desired. However, deep tissue imaging suffers from wavefront distortion, resulting in reduced Strehl ratio and image quality. Here we combine the two wavefront engineering methods developed in our lab, namely the optical phase-locked ultrasound lens based volumetric imaging and the iterative multiphoton adaptive compensation technique, and demonstrate in vivo volumetric imaging of microglial and mitochondrial dynamics at large depth in mouse brain cortex and lymph node, respectively.

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Smart microscope: an adaptive optics learning system for aberration correction in multiphoton confocal microscopy

Cited by 147 publications

References 6 publications

Identification of a dynamical model of a thermally actuated deformable mirror

Identification of a dynamical model of a thermally actuated deformable mirror

Correlation of histology and linear and nonlinear microscopy of the living human cornea

In vivo volumetric imaging of biological dynamics in deep tissue via wavefront engineering

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