Smart municipal energy grid within electricity market

Abstract

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. ABSTRACTA smart municipal energy grid including electricity and heat production infrastructure and electricity demand response has been modelled in HOMER case study with goal to decrease total community yearly energy costs. The optimal configuration and sizing, with minimal costs, have been presented and compared using scenarios. Smart municipal energy grids will have an important role in future electricity markets. Their flexibility as participants in electricity markets is increased with possibility to utilize excess electricity production from CHP and variable renewable energy sources through heat storage. The costs and technical, economical and environmental benefits of smart municipal energy grids will be discussed followed with conclusion.

Toward an Efficient and Sustainable Use of Energy in Industries and Cities

“…Other papers on the efficient waste management regard the definition of a primary energy return index, used for comparing different municipal solid waste management scenarios [49]; the coupling of renewable energy source in a wastewater treatment plant consisted of conventional activated sludge systems [50]; and a novel methodology applied to evaluate urban wastewater treatment plants in terms of energy efficiency [51,52]. This topic was dealt with comprehensively in previous SDEWES SIs focusing on different aspects, namely: the influence of urban form on the performance of road pavement solar collector system [53]; the energy management in a smart municipal energy grid including combined heat and power plants, solar photovoltaic and wind technologies [54]; the analysis of the future energy scenarios on the Danish municipality of Helsingør to obtain a cost-optimal combination between individual heating, district heating and heat savings [55]; a study on the management of dust to ensure that urban environment and industry can coexist in a sustainable and beneficial manner [56]; the adoption, in urban water distribution systems, of energy storage systems to meet the water demand [57]; the evaluation of carbon emissions in highly polluted European cities [58]; the replacement of bituminous roofs as green roofs to make cities more 'future proof' and resilient [59]; the integration of the renewable energy resources to enhance the regional energy efficiency and sustainability [60]; and many other papers concerning the analysis of energy efficiency targets of the member countries of the EU [61][62][63].…”

Review of Electricity Markets for Smart Nano-Grids

“…Many schemes of electricity markets do exist as for example the one proposed in (7) which is oriented to the smart grid structure approach, and also on the other hand cases of investigations whose orientation is towards economics which is a defining aspect to consider for any future implementation (12) , or the case in which a smart mini-grid scheme is proposed as a municipal grid for grouping the nano-grids and contribute and participate into the electricity market (20) . Furthermore, there are different scenarios to simulate an electricity market and at the same time the variables taken into consideration differ greatly between the investigations, as for example in the case of (21) where an electricity market is analyzed under a genetic algorithm taking into consideration rated power factor, stochastic load, holding costs, short costs, startup costs and shut down costs.…”

Recent Advances in the Analysis of Sustainable Energy Systems

“…In 2050, in the optimal thermo-economic scenario, the share of district heating in Helsingør will increase by up to 44%. The topic of energy management in municipalities was also investigated by Batas-Bjelic et al [27]. The authors used HOMER to simulate a smart grid proving heat and electricity to a municipal area.…”