Smart nano-micro platforms for ophthalmological applications: The state-of-the-art and future perspectives

A composite System Combining Self-Targeted Carbon Dots and Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Challenging Ocular Drug Delivery

“…In addition, the biocompatibility and toxicity of Carbon dots are closely related to their physicochemical properties and have no sufficient evidence to demonstrate their safety in human eyes. 44 The next challenge will be to realize carbon dots safety and effectiveness for diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases, including anterior and posterior segments. However, to accomplish this goal, a reliable comprehensive toxicological evaluation is urgently required.…”

A Novel Carbon Dots/Thermo-Sensitive In Situ Gel for a Composite Ocular Drug Delivery System: Characterization, Ex-Vivo Imaging, and In Vivo Evaluation

“…In addition, the large surface area to mass ratio of carbon dots greatly improves surface reactivity which contributes to good biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Although a great deal of work has been used preclinical toxicological data of animal models to understand the toxicity of carbon dots to eyeball tissues [ 19 , 41 ], there is no sufficient evidence to demonstrate their safety in human eyes, because the biocompatibility and toxicity of carbon dots are closely related to their complex physicochemical properties and surface composition [ 42 ]. Therefore, it is still very important to develop an evaluation system that can fully evaluate the safety of this novel carbon dots for ocular drug delivery.…”

Therapeutic implications of nanodrug and tissue engineering for retinal pigment epithelium-related diseases

“…Furthermore, the good biocompatibility and bioavailability, lower release kinetics, and capability of enclosing drugs have made liposomes the most common type of FDA-approved nanomaterial for drug or gene delivery nanosystems to treat ocular diseases. 123,124 However, liposome nanoparticles are also limited by low drug load and low biological distribution. After decades of development, liposomes have been widely used in various fields, including the delivery of drugs, genes, vaccines, and imaging agents.…”