Smart organic materials based on macrocycle hosts

Abstract

A succinct and illustrative summary of the recent progress of supramolecular smart organic materials based on macrocycle hosts is provided spanning the aspects of design principles, functioning mechanisms, and relative applications.

Toward the Development of Simplified Lateral Flow Assays Using Hydrogels as the Universal Control Line

“…Generally, LFA heavily rely on the coupling of affinity binding pairs, such as antibody–antigen and aptamer–target, which often require complex and time-consuming screening procedures . In contrast, the supramolecular recognition of macrocyclic host–guest interactions offers a direct detection strategy that bypasses the need for such elaborate processes. − Therefore, we explored the application of HCLs in LFA using host–guest interactions between cucurbit[7]­uril (CB[7]) or β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and adamantane (ADA) molecules. − Taking the CB[7]-ADA pair as an example (Figure a), we used 1-adamantaneacetic acid (ADA-CH 2 COOH) coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA-ADA) on the TL, agarose as the HCL, and CB[7]-functionalized colloidal gold (GNP@CB[7]; Figure S19a) as the probe to detect amantadine hydrochloride (ADA-NH 2 ). By comparing different concentrations of agarose, we determined that 3% agarose HCL on the bare strip yielded the highest sensitivity after intercepting GNP@CB[7] (Figure S19d), and thus, this concentration was selected.…”

Macrocycle-Based Antibacterial Materials

“…86 We, together with Lee, Wang, and others, constructed antibacterial hybrid nanoparticles (HAMV-NPs) via ternary host−guest complexation between CB [8], methyl viologen nanoparticles (MV-NPs), and hyaluronic acid (HA). 87 When exposed to stimuli such as a competitive guest (e.g., AD), UV irradiation, or endogenous HAase secreted by S. aureus, CB [8] detached from HAMV-NPs, resulting in the inherent toxic HA-MV-NPs for selectively combating S. aureus infections in vitro and in vivo.…”

“…They also demonstrated an eco-friendly and in situ activatable polymeric antibiotic, phenylalanylpolyethylenimine (PhePEI), for effectively diminishing environmental pollution of antibiotics and associated AMR. 71 The inactive PhePEI can be in situ activated by simply adding the supramolecular cross-linker cucurbit [8]uril (CB [8]), exhibiting excellent antibacterial activity. Moreover, the cross-linked PhePEI can be reversibly deactivated by mixing in the competitive guests AD, providing a promising remedy for potential antibiotic pollution.…”

“…Photodynamic antibacterial agents have attracted considerable attention due to their efficient tissue penetrability, accuracy, noninvasiveness, and controllable features. For instance, CB[n] macrocycles (especially CB [5] to CB [8]) have received increasing attention in various fields due to their stability, water solubility, host− guest complexation, and stimuli-responsiveness, especially in biological applications. 86 We, together with Lee, Wang, and others, constructed antibacterial hybrid nanoparticles (HAMV-NPs) via ternary host−guest complexation between CB [8], methyl viologen nanoparticles (MV-NPs), and hyaluronic acid (HA).…”

“…For instance, CB[n] macrocycles (especially CB [5] to CB [8]) have received increasing attention in various fields due to their stability, water solubility, host− guest complexation, and stimuli-responsiveness, especially in biological applications. 86 We, together with Lee, Wang, and others, constructed antibacterial hybrid nanoparticles (HAMV-NPs) via ternary host−guest complexation between CB [8], methyl viologen nanoparticles (MV-NPs), and hyaluronic acid (HA). 87 When exposed to stimuli such as a competitive guest (e.g., AD), UV irradiation, or endogenous HAase secreted by S. aureus, CB [8] detached from HAMV-NPs, resulting in the inherent toxic HA-MV-NPs for selectively combating S. aureus infections in vitro and in vivo.…”