Smart photogalvanic running-grating interferometer

Abstract

Photogalvanic effect produces actuation of periodic motion of macroscopic LiNbO 3 crystal. This effect was applied to the development of an all-optical moving-grating interferometer usable for optical trapping and transport of algae chlorella microorganisms diluted in water with a concentration of 27ϫ 10 4 ml −1 .

Laser photophoresis and pulsed electrophoresis for microorganisms manipulation

“…It was found, that during illumination of some ferroelectric crystals by CW laser, optical and electrical pulses were produced [5]. Generation of these optical and electrical pulses is explained by photogalvanic effect, that charges crystal to high voltage (several kV) and produce electrical break-down of the air and dynamical movement of the ferroelectric domains.…”

“…Recently we have demonstrated optical actuators based on photosensitive materials, controlled by moving holographic gratings that create moving interefrence pattern [5]. As a step to more practical and robust actuator, we have realized single-beam optical scheme that allow us to transform energy of low-power CW laser into periodic mechanical movement of the macroscopic crystal sample.…”

“…Another way of creation of a slowly moving interference pattern is to use "smart mirror" [5] that is based on photoactuation of mechanical movement of the crystal by photogalvanic effect. Recently we have demonstrated optical actuators based on photosensitive materials, controlled by moving holographic gratings that create moving interefrence pattern [5].…”

Slowdown of light signals and registration of phase modulation in semiconductor crystals of CdTe at room temperature in infrared

“…Phase modulation of intersecting beams produce oscillating light pattern, that in turn will excite oscillating patterns of the electrical field E and conductivity σ , producing holographic current h J [9] )] sin(…”

Pyroelectric and ferroelectric semiconductors: dynamic holographic grating recording, generation of self-focused electron beam, X-rays, and neutrons

“…Some doped pyroelectric and ferroelectric materials exhibit semiconductor-type photorefractive effect (with photoinduced changes of electrical conductivity and refractive index) and are known as a good candidates for the optical storage and optical processing [1][2][3][4][5], using holographic grating recording.…”