Smart reactors – Combining stimuli-responsive hydrogels and 3D printing

Hu, Xiaobin; Karnetzke, Julia; Fassbender, M.; Drücker, Sven; Bettermann, Sven; Schroeter, Baldur; Pauer, Werner; Moritz, Hans‐Ulrich; Fiedler, Bodo; Luinstra, Gerrit A.; Смирнова, Ирина

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.123413

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The gapless monitoring of a certain process will be a very essential topic in industrial catalysis, especially if an automatized of self-regulated adjustment of reaction parameters can take place in real time. This concept of a smart reactor came up recently in some publications (Hu et al, 2020;Spille et al, 2020). From our point of view it is indeed very likely that this aspect of PI becomes more and more trendsetting in prospective biocatalysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Process Intensification as Game Changer in Enzyme Catalysis

et al. 2022

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Enzyme catalysis, made tremendous progress over the last years in identification of new enzymes and new enzymatic reactivity’s as well as optimization of existing enzymes. However, the performance of the resulting processes is often still limited, e.g., in regard of productivity, realized product concentrations and the stability of the enzymes. Different topics (like limited specific activity, unfavourable kinetics or limited enzyme stability) can be addressed via enzyme engineering. On the other hand, there is also a long list of topics that are not addressable by enzyme engineering. Here typical examples are unfavourable reaction thermodynamics, selectivity in multistep reactions or low water solubility. These challenges can only be addressed through an adaption of the reaction system. The procedures of process intensification (PI) represent a good approach to reach most suitable systems. The general objective of PI is to achieve significant benefits in terms of capital and operating costs as well as product quality, waste, and process safety by applying innovative principles. The aim of the review is to show the current capabilities and future potentials of PI in enzyme catalysis focused on enzymes of the class of oxidoreductases. The focus of the paper is on alternative methods of energy input, innovative reactor concepts and reaction media with improved properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Process Intensification as Game Changer in Enzyme Catalysis

et al. 2022

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“…As for medium triggered actuation, the stimuli-responsive smart structures enable the implementation of self-contained process control. In our previous work, 39 we demonstrated such a smart reactor concept with an exemplary exothermic reaction through which the reactor outlet was controlled by a thermoresponsive gel actuator depending on the progression of the reaction. Similar self-regulating smart concepts can be devised with the smart structures.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Structures—Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Adaptive Packings

Spille

Schlüter

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Smart materials possess a high potential for application in process engineering. Among these smart materials, stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit the chemically inherent characteristic to significantly change their macroscopic properties through shifts in environmental conditions. This enables response-triggered actuation caused by a reaction or process deviation. Thereby, smart process concepts are facilitated, which are capable of self-contained process control without external input. Through additive manufacturing of responsive hydrogels, intricate geometries can be generated, with which the response-triggered actuation can perform sophisticated control tasks. Periodic open-cell structures are such geometries, which improve the mass transport in multiphase flows through the distribution of the disperse phase. Responsive hydrogels fabricated as periodic open-cell structures enable the actuation of multiphase flows through an environmental switch allowing for adjustment of flow conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the application of switchable smart structures that facilitate the adaptation of fluid-dynamic properties and mass transfer in cocurrent gas–liquid flows depending on environmental conditions. Smart structures, which are additively manufactured from acrylate photoresist formulations, are applied for in situ and in operandi adjustment of phase distribution through expansion and collapse of these structures in flow channels. Further, diverse photoresist formulations with different associated response triggers are shown, which demonstrate the versatility for application as an in situ and in operandi switch for mass transfer in process units operating with multiphase flows.

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“…An example of this would be a valve-like structure which stays open at low flow rates and shuts, redirecting the flow, at higher flow rates. Hu et al (2020) have demonstrated a similar concept using a temperature-responsive hydrogel which swells or collapses as a function of temperature, guiding the product flow to either the outlet or the waste by blocking of either channel.…”

Section: Multi-materials Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Additive Manufacturing of Catalysts and Sorbents and the Potential for Process Intensification

Rosseau

Willemsen²,

Roghair

et al. 2022

Front. Chem. Eng.

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Additive manufacturing of catalyst and sorbent materials promises to unlock large design freedom in the structuring of these materials, and could be used to locally tune porosity, shape and resulting parameters throughout the reactor along both the axial and transverse coordinates. This contrasts catalyst structuring by conventional methods, which yields either very dense randomly packed beds or very open cellular structures. Different 3D-printing processes for catalytic and sorbent materials exist, and the selection of an appropriate process, taking into account compatible materials, porosity and resolution, may indeed enable unbounded options for geometries. In this review, recent efforts in the field of 3D-printing of catalyst and sorbent materials are discussed. It will be argued that these efforts, whilst promising, do not yet exploit the full potential of the technology, since most studies considered small structures that are very similar to structures that can be produced through conventional methods. In addition, these studies are mostly motivated by chemical and material considerations within the printing process, without explicitly striving for process intensification. To enable value-added application of 3D-printing in the chemical process industries, three crucial requirements for increased process intensification potential will be set out: i) the production of mechanically stable structures without binders; ii) the introduction of local variations throughout the structure; and iii) the use of multiple materials within one printed structure.

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Smart reactors – Combining stimuli-responsive hydrogels and 3D printing

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Process Intensification as Game Changer in Enzyme Catalysis

Process Intensification as Game Changer in Enzyme Catalysis

Smart Structures—Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Adaptive Packings

Review on Additive Manufacturing of Catalysts and Sorbents and the Potential for Process Intensification

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