Smart stimuli-responsive strategies for titanium implant functionalization in bone regeneration and therapeutics

Abstract

Schematic summary of various smart stimuli-responsive strategies applied for titanium implant functionalization.

Study on 3D printed MXene-berberine-integrated scaffold for photo-activated antibacterial activity and bone regeneration

“…78 (2) The parameters of NIR stimuli need to be optimized to achieve the balance among the antibacterial effect, and the damage to surrounding tissue and bone repair. 79 (3) The top-down synthesis method used in this work revealed poor control of the size distribution, structure, defect and surface terminations. The alternative bottom-up method can avoid the usage of strong acids, and allow for better control of the morphology and physiochemical properties of MXene.…”

Synergistic Amelioration of Osseointegration and Osteoimmunomodulation with a Microarc Oxidation-Treated Three-Dimensionally Printed Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Scaffold via Surface Activity and Low Elastic Modulus

“…7 Although 3D printing technology provides excellent control over the macroscopic structure of porous metals, the surface properties of titanium alloys, which determine tissue reaction, remain suboptimal. 8 Additional processes may be required after 3D printing metallic implants to enhance their functionality within the bone defect environment. 9 Consequently, surface modification technology is essential to further improve the osseointegration ability of 3D-printed porous titanium alloys, particularly under poor osteogenic conditions, to ensure a stable combination at the bone− implant interface, such as large bone defects or osteoporosis.…”

“…Although 3D printing technology provides excellent control over the macroscopic structure of porous metals, the surface properties of titanium alloys, which determine tissue reaction, remain suboptimal . Additional processes may be required after 3D printing metallic implants to enhance their functionality within the bone defect environment .…”

Effect of the Sr–Fe layered double hydroxide coating based on the microenvironment response on implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats

“…10 Therefore, in order to improve the osseointegration of implants, the coating material should not only focus on the modulation of cellular function but also on the modulation of the pathological acidic microenvironment. 11–13…”