Smart washer—a piezoceramic-based transducer to monitor looseness of bolted connection

Huo, Linsheng; Chen, Dongdong; Kong, Qingzhao; Li, Hong‐Nan; Song, Gangbing

doi:10.1088/1361-665x/26/2/025033

Cited by 84 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Hisakado et al [105] found that the mean friction coefficient increased with the mean AE event counting under the various lubricated conditions. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to studying the monitoring of connection components [106][107][108][109][110][111]. However, there are few studies that focus on the wear process of pin connections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study of Real-Time Monitoring of Pin Connection Wear Using Acoustic Emission

et al. 2018

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Pin connections are one of the most important connecting forms and they have been widely used in engineering fields. In its service, pin connections are subject to wear, and it will be beneficial if the health condition of pin connections can be monitored in real time. In this paper, an acoustic emission (AE)-based method was developed to monitor wear degree of low rotational speed pin connections in real time in a nondestructive way. Most pin connections are operated at low rotational speed. To facilitate the research, an experimental apparatus to accelerate the wear test of low rotational speed pin connections was designed and fabricated. The piezoceramic AE sensor was mounted on the test apparatus in a nondestructive way, and it was capable of real-time monitoring. Accelerated wear tests of low rotational speed pin connections were conducted. To verify the results of the AE technique, a VHX-600E digital (from Keyence, Osaka, Japan) microscope was applied to observe the micrographs of the tested pins. The experimental results show that AE activity existed throughout the entire wear process, and it was the most prominent in the serious wear phase. The wear degree of the pin connections can be reflected qualitatively by the signal strength and the accumulative signal strength of the AE signals. In addition, two different wear forms can be distinguished by comparing the signal strength values of all specimens. Micrographs of all specimens confirm these results, and determine that the two wear forms include adhesive wear and abrasive wear. Furthermore, AE results demonstrated that adhesive wear is the main mode of wear for the low rotational speed pin connections, and the signal strength of the adhesive wear is around 190 times larger than that of abrasive wear. This feasibility study demonstrated that the developed acoustic emission technique can be utilized in the wear monitoring of pin connections in real time in a nondestructive way.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study of Real-Time Monitoring of Pin Connection Wear Using Acoustic Emission

et al. 2018

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“…The time-reversal method has better antinoise performance, and the properties of temporal compression in the time domain and spatial focusing in the spatial domain were also better [21]. According to Huo et al's research, PZT sensors are very suitable as a time-reversal mirror in the time-reversal process [12]. Therefore, PZT sensors are invoked as actuators and sensors for bolt looseness monitoring.…”

Section: Principle Of the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 illustrates the wavelet decomposition at level 4. The specimens in each signal set can be represented by X ij , as follows [12]:…”

Section: Principle Of the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this article, the wavelet energy ratio of low-frequency coefficients is used to measure the loss of bolt prestress. The wavelet energy ratio W of the low-frequency coefficient set under different prestress values is substituted into equation (12), and the bolt prestress loss index under different prestress values is obtained. As shown in Figure 11, when the timber structural bolt is completely loose, the prestress loss index is 1; when the timber structural bolts are not loose, the prestress loss index is 0.…”

Section: Bolt Prestress Loss Index Based On Wavelet Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PZT sensors are also widely used because of their ability to collect energy [11]. Huo et al proposed the PZT-based "smart washer" to monitor the looseness of the bolt, and utilized the bolt prestress loss index to reflect the health status of the bolt connection [12]. Huo et al also proposed the impedance-based bolt prestress loss monitoring using "smart washers" [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Monitoring of Bolt Looseness in Timber Structures Using PZT-Enabled Time-Reversal Method

et al. 2019

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A prestressed bolt connection is one of the crucial connection types in timber structures. The daily checking and maintenance of bolt connections have to be carried out in order to avoid the collapse of timber structures due to bolt looseness. Real-time health monitoring of bolt connections can not only reduce the daily maintenance cost of timber structures, but it can also avoid property loss and casualties by giving early warning if the bolt connection is loosened in timber structures. This paper proposes a method of prestress monitoring of bolt joints in timber structures by pasting lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches on the surface of timber structures, and the time-reversal method is applied to denote the connection status of bolts in timber structures. The prestress loss index of timber structural bolts based on wavelet analysis is designed to quantify the bolt looseness of the timber structure. The experimental timber specimen was fabricated consisting of two timber panels, one bolt, and two PZT patches. One of the PZT patches acted as an actuator to emit the stress waves, and another one acted as a sensor to receive the stress wave propagating through the connection interface. The experimental results showed that the amplitude of the focused signal increases significantly with the increase of the prestress value of the bolts, which verify that the proposed method can be utilized to monitor the looseness of bolts in timber structures. The analysis results of the focused signal is proof that the prestress loss index of timber structural bolts designed based on wavelet analysis can reflect the looseness of timber structural bolts.

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Percussion‐based bolt looseness identification using vibration‐guided sound reconstruction

Zhou

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Structural Contr & Hlth

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Bolted connection functions to fasten and secure parts together for engineering structures. Newly developed percussion-based approaches have been proven as a fast and effective tool for bolt looseness identification; however, most of the existing studies use machine learning assisted approaches to classify percussion sounds and predict looseness conditions without investigating the relationship between percussion sounds and bolt vibrations. This paper presents a conceptual research to utilize bolt vibration signal to reconstruct percussion sounds, which significantly improves the validity and accuracy of bolt looseness identification. In the experimental study, a laser Doppler vibrometry was used to capture vibrational information of the test bolt; meanwhile, percussion sounds were collected by microphones. The relationship between sound and vibration signals was investigated using wavelet packet decomposition and correlation analysis. A new set of sounds were reconstructed by combination of the sound packets which showed the strongest correlation with the vibration signal. The reconstructed sound database was then transformed into spectrograms and trained by a two-dimensional convolution neural network to identify bolt looseness conditions.

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Smart washer—a piezoceramic-based transducer to monitor looseness of bolted connection

Cited by 84 publications

References 38 publications

Feasibility Study of Real-Time Monitoring of Pin Connection Wear Using Acoustic Emission

Feasibility Study of Real-Time Monitoring of Pin Connection Wear Using Acoustic Emission

Health Monitoring of Bolt Looseness in Timber Structures Using PZT-Enabled Time-Reversal Method

Percussion‐based bolt looseness identification using vibration‐guided sound reconstruction

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