Smart Wound Hydration Monitoring Using Biosensors and Fuzzy Inference System

Abstract

Skin wounds either minor or chronic may heal up with different time durations. But, this time duration of healing could not be easily predicted as healing is affected by different factors, e.g., age, nutrition, medication, and surroundings. Despite these factors, wound characteristic also plays a role in the healing process. Wound characteristics include wound size, wound type, internal and external wound environment, body temperature, body oxygenation, wound hydration, and infection. erefore, monitoring of wound healing also required careful consideration of wound characteristics. Although the healthcare domain contains many applications for detection and monitoring of diseases, the wound care domain requires efficient techniques and sensing systems for the identification of wound biomarkers such as temperature, blood pressure, oxygen, and infection status of wound using biosensors. In the current research, we provide a wound care solution based on a biosensor-based sensing system to measure basic biomarkers, considered as major wound characteristics, i.e., body temperature and body oxygenation, and design a fuzzy inference system to predict their effect on wound hydration, which ultimately recommends necessary actions to boost healing.

Measuring Biosignals with Single Circuit Boards

“…Using a humidity sensor to detect wet diapers was suggested by Rahman et al who printed conductive lines on the diaper surface, connected them by pressing studs to an Arduino board and used the Arduino serial monitor to evaluate the state of humidity [ 152 ]. For smart wound hydration monitoring, Sattar et al applied an Arduino Uno with MAX30100 heart rate sensor and LM35 temperature sensor to measure wound hydration indirectly, correlating these biomarkers with the wound hydration by a fuzzy inference system [ 153 ].…”

Multifunctional Dressing for Wound Diagnosis and Rehabilitation

“…Among them, temperature around the wound site increases due to local vascular expansion. [28][29][30] Mostly, a sudden temperature rise in the wound area is often diagnosed as a result of infection and the variation threshold for imminent deterioration is ≈2 °C. [31][32][33] A decrease in temperature of the wound site indicates that there may be partial ischemia, threatening spontaneous healing.…”

Wearable Sensors and Systems for Wound Healing-Related pH and Temperature Detection

“…Temperature variation has been recognized as an important parameter associated with wound inflammation and infection, since a series of chemical and enzymatic actions involved in the wound healing process are affected by abnormal temperature changes [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. On one hand, the temperature of the acute wound increased by local vascular expansion, thereby transporting more oxygen and nutrients to the injured site.…”