Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI): Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis

Pavia, Laura; Cavani, Paola; Blasi, Maria Di; Giordano, Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.039

Cited by 65 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It was not possible to compare the cut-off point established in the Spanish version of the SPAI with the versions of the instrument in other languages, since we have only found one work in which it has been proposed to establish this cut-off point, in the short version of the instrument, which consists of only 10 items, instead of the original instrument's 26 [29]. In the other versions of the SPAI, such as the Brazilian, the Turkish or the Italian one, the establishment of said cut-off point was not considered [30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Perception of Dependence as an Indicator of Smartphone Addiction. Establishment of a Cut-off Point in the SPAI-SP Inventory

Ballestar-Tarín¹,

Simó-Sanz²,

Chover-Sierra³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: In recent years, the abusive use of the smartphone has reached a situation that could be considered pathological, although there is no such classification in the DSM-IV. In this sense, different instruments to assess this problematic use or addiction to the smartphone are used. Among them, we found the SPAI, which has been validated in the Spanish language. The main difficulty of these scales is to establish a cut-off point that determines such mobile addiction. On the other hand, self-perception has been used in different addictions as a predictor of the problem. Aim: The objective of this study is to establish the cutting point in the scores of the SPAI scale validated in Spanish, using as a referent the self-perception of addiction values. Methods: A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was carried out, establishing as the cut-off point the one that presented a higher value of Youden J, indicative of its sensitivity and specificity. Results: 2598 participants from the university community completed the SPAI-Spain questionnaire. When using the self-perception of smartphone addiction as the benchmark value, a score of 44 has been established as the cutting point of the SPAI questionnaire, with a Youden J corresponding to 0.416. Conclusions: The implementation of a cut-off point of the SPAI questionnaire makes it an instrument that allows early identification of those individuals at risk of addiction as well as the establishment of preventive and/or intervention measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Perception of Dependence as an Indicator of Smartphone Addiction. Establishment of a Cut-off Point in the SPAI-SP Inventory

Ballestar-Tarín¹,

Simó-Sanz²,

Chover-Sierra³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The SPAI has already been validated in Italian [ 50 ] and Brazilian [ 51 ] -the SPAI-I and SPAI-BR, respectively-. The authors of the SPAI-I confirmed the original model, but goodness-of-fit indices were ambiguous and so, they chose a five-factor model (comprising time spent , compulsivity , daily life interference , craving , and sleep interference ) to obtain the following fit indices (χ 2 68 = 118.834; p < 0.000; CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.05; and SRMR = 0.87).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI): Translation, adaptation and validation of the tool in Spanish adult population

2018

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The wide functionality and the vast range of attributes offered by smartphones has led to a substantial increase in the average amount of time these devices are used per day. An excessive use of these tools has been shown to result in symptomatology similar to psychological disorders caused by substance addiction. In Spain, smartphone use has risen exponentially but the effects of this increase remain unclear. Therefore, an instrument is required to help determine the extent of smartphone addiction in the Spanish population. The Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) is a valid and reliable mean to identify and measure smartphone addiction and so, the aim of this research is the translation and adaptation of SPAI to Spanish, as well as the analysis of its psychometric properties in a Spanish adult population of 2,958 adults, at the University of Valencia. A multiphase-interactive model has been used, based on classical translation–back-translation methods to translate and adapt the SPAI. Moreover, a confirmatory factor analysis to verify that the inventory showed acceptable goodness of fit indices (χ2293 = 4795.909, Comparative Fit Index = 0.927, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.919, Root Mean Square Error of approximation = 0.072, and Standardised Root Mean square Residual = 0.051) has been carried out. Also good reliability has been found for the global inventory (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.949), and each of its corresponding factors: compulsive behaviour, functional impairment, abstinence, and tolerance (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.856, 0.888, 0.855, and 0.712, respectively). Hence, the SPAI has been adequately translated and adapted for its use in Spain and therefore it is a useful tool for evaluating the degree of smartphone addiction in the Spanish adult population.

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“…There are specific advantages to using factor analysis in this study: many variables are consolidated into a few key variables for easy interpretation, and the weight for each key variable can be relatively accurately calculated to produce

for each ward and Chome [ 29 ]. Next, the main equations in the factor analysis, reorganized according to [ 30 , 31 ], are as follows:

where

is the determination principle coefficient of each used category in the linear combination.

is the principal component load, and

is the principal component eigenvalues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Allocation of Special Elderly Nursing Homes in Tokyo, Japan

You

Shen

Nishino

2017

IJERPH

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Social welfare and public health departments require reliable assessments to enhance the rationality of phased construction of special elderly nursing homes (SENHs). This paper aims to assess the allocation of SENHs based on a beds-needed index for SENHs (BNIS). This may help departments determine the priority for approving locations of SENHs more accurately with a limited budget. Traditional assessments in Tokyo use the sphere of welfare, ward, and sphere of daily life as spatial units for estimating beds-to-elderly population ratios. We calculate the BNIS by introducing a parameter-improved floating catchment area method (PI-FCA) at a smaller spatial unit, the Chome. In the PI-FCA, the catchment area is generated according to the standard of average population served by SENHs and capacity, the population demand is the population of the elderly requiring care levels 3–5 and is further modified by a coefficient of potential demand via building a multivariate linear model. Improved results were obtained using the PI-FCA. Finally, this study maps the distribution of the degree of BNIS, to provide a basis for the allocation assessment of SENHs. This caters to the needs of departments and is easily applicable in other public healthcare facilities.

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Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI): Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis

Cited by 65 publications

References 51 publications

Self-Perception of Dependence as an Indicator of Smartphone Addiction. Establishment of a Cut-off Point in the SPAI-SP Inventory

Self-Perception of Dependence as an Indicator of Smartphone Addiction. Establishment of a Cut-off Point in the SPAI-SP Inventory

Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI): Translation, adaptation and validation of the tool in Spanish adult population

Assessing the Allocation of Special Elderly Nursing Homes in Tokyo, Japan

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