Smartphone metal‐casing integrated frequency‐reconfigurable multiple‐input multiple‐output slot antenna

Abstract

A novel four-element frequency-reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) slot antenna for a smartphone with metal-casing is presented. The inherent disadvantage of ultra-narrow bandwidth of thin slots is overcome with the help of frequency reconfiguration using varactor diodes. Antenna operation within the frequency range of 5.1-6 GHz was achieved. MIMO performance, smartphone components, and user effects were investigated. Simulated and experimental results demonstrate excellent performance.