Smartphone sensing of social interactions in people with and without schizophrenia

Fulford, Daniel; Mote, Jasmine; Gonzalez, Rachel; Abplanalp, Samuel J.; Zhang, Yuting; Luckenbaugh, Jarrod; Onnela, Jukka‐Pekka; Busso, Carlos; Gard, David E.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.002

Cited by 52 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, GPS data have recently offered insights into the relationship between reduced mobility and poorer mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic 23 . Passive data from smartphones have also been shown to correlate with outcomes such as social functioning and loneliness 24,25 . An important trend emerging from passive data studies in various conditions is that variance, or measures of entropy or deviation from a personal mean, appear of more value than absolute measurements from any sensors 23‐25 .…”

Section: Tools and Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growing field of digital psychiatry: current evidence and the future of apps, social media, chatbots, and virtual reality

et al. 2021

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As the COVID-19 pandemic has largely increased the utilization of telehealth, mobile mental health technologies -such as smartphone apps, virtual reality, chatbots, and social media -have also gained attention. These digital health technologies offer the potential of accessible and scalable interventions that can augment traditional care. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive update on the overall field of digital psychiatry, covering three areas. First, we outline the relevance of recent technological advances to mental health research and care, by detailing how smartphones, social media, artificial intelligence and virtual reality present new opportunities for "digital phenotyping" and remote intervention. Second, we review the current evidence for the use of these new technological approaches across different mental health contexts, covering their emerging efficacy in self-management of psychological well-being and early intervention, along with more nascent research supporting their use in clinical management of long-term psychiatric conditions -including major depression; anxiety, bipolar and psychotic disorders; and eating and substance use disorders -as well as in child and adolescent mental health care. Third, we discuss the most pressing challenges and opportunities towards real-world implementation, using the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework to explain how the innovations themselves, the recipients of these innovations, and the context surrounding innovations all must be considered to facilitate their adoption and use in mental health care systems. We conclude that the new technological capabilities of smartphones, artificial intelligence, social media and virtual reality are already changing mental health care in unforeseen and exciting ways, each accompanied by an early but promising evidence base. We point out that further efforts towards strengthening implementation are needed, and detail the key issues at the patient, provider and policy levels which must now be addressed for digital health technologies to truly improve mental health research and treatment in the future.

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Section: Tools and Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growing field of digital psychiatry: current evidence and the future of apps, social media, chatbots, and virtual reality

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, smartphone-based episodic audio recordings allow analyses of voice and speech features that may be potential vocal markers of stress (118,119). Phone usage and the number of calls, texts, and interactions in online social media can be used as proxies of social contact or interaction (116,(120)(121)(122), while global positioning system (GPS)-based mobility and conversations captured by smartphone microphones were used to estimate social activity and loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia (123). Social support, however, is more complex than social contacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review

Castro

Ribeiro-Alves

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Background: Lifestyle Medicine (LM) aims to address six main behavioral domains: diet/nutrition, substance use (SU), physical activity (PA), social relationships, stress management, and sleep. Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) have been used to improve these domains. However, there is no consensus on how to measure lifestyle and its intermediate outcomes aside from measuring each behavior separately. We aimed to describe (1) the most frequent lifestyle domains addressed by DHIs, (2) the most frequent outcomes used to measure lifestyle changes, and (3) the most frequent DHI delivery methods.Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR) Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science for publications since 2010. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials using DHI to promote health, behavioral, or lifestyle change.Results: Overall, 954 records were identified, and 72 systematic reviews were included. Of those, 35 conducted meta-analyses, 58 addressed diet/nutrition, and 60 focused on PA. Only one systematic review evaluated all six lifestyle domains simultaneously; 1 systematic review evaluated five lifestyle domains; 5 systematic reviews evaluated 4 lifestyle domains; 14 systematic reviews evaluated 3 lifestyle domains; and the remaining 52 systematic reviews evaluated only one or two domains. The most frequently evaluated domains were diet/nutrition and PA. The most frequent DHI delivery methods were smartphone apps and websites.Discussion: The concept of lifestyle is still unclear and fragmented, making it hard to evaluate the complex interconnections of unhealthy behaviors, and their impact on health. Clarifying this concept, refining its operationalization, and defining the reporting guidelines should be considered as the current research priorities. DHIs have the potential to improve lifestyle at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention—but most of them are targeting clinical populations. Although important advances have been made to evaluate DHIs, some of their characteristics, such as the rate at which they become obsolete, will require innovative research designs to evaluate long-term outcomes in health.

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“…The QLS-IR contains eight items and scores range from 0 to 6; increasing scores represent better functioning. Both measures have demonstrated strong psychometric properties (Cornblatt et al, 2007; Gupta et al, 2000) and have been used in past studies to measure social functioning in schizophrenia-spectrum samples (Abel & Minor, 2021; Fulford et al, 2021; Minor et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalizing interventions using real-world interactions: Improving symptoms and social functioning in schizophrenia with tailored metacognitive therapy.

Minor¹,

Marggraf²,

Davis³

et al. 2022

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Objective: When clients' lives are not reflected in therapy, they struggle to apply the skills learned in treatment to everyday situations. In this pilot study, we determined if using clients' real-world interactions in therapy could effectively target metacognitive capacity-yielding improved symptoms and social functioning-by tailoring treatment to focus on issues faced by clients in daily life. Method: Using a randomized controlled trial design, schizophrenia subjects with metacognitive deficits completed 24 sessions of: (a) Standard Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT); or (b) Tailored MERIT. Real-world interactions were captured via the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), a smartphone application that passively records audio in daily life. All subjects wore the EAR; however, real-world interactions were only used to personalize sessions in Tailored MERIT. Results: Feasibility and acceptability were shown; those in Tailored MERIT wore the EAR 84% of their waking hours and reported minimal burden. When compared to Standard MERIT, Tailored MERIT participants showed large pre-post reductions in negative metacognitive beliefs and disorganized symptoms. Small, but nonsignificant, improvements in social functioning were also observed. Conclusions: Compared to an evidence-based benchmark, we observed that real-world interactions can be used to tailor metacognitive therapy and improve outcomes in schizophrenia. Tailored MERIT has the potential to impact practice by personalizing treatment to account for individual variations in environment and lifestyle-aligning with the Precision Medicine Initiative-in a way that is not possible with current therapy. This is particularly salient in schizophrenia, where limited insight and cognitive deficits often make subjective reporting unreliable.What is the public health significance of this article? This pilot study shows that tailoring a metacognitive intervention to improve social functioning and symptoms is both feasible and acceptable for schizophrenia. Compared to standard metacognitive therapy, our tailored intervention-which uses real-world interactions to personalize therapy sessionsled to reduced negative metacognitive beliefs and disorganized symptoms.

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Smartphone sensing of social interactions in people with and without schizophrenia

Cited by 52 publications

References 35 publications

The growing field of digital psychiatry: current evidence and the future of apps, social media, chatbots, and virtual reality

The growing field of digital psychiatry: current evidence and the future of apps, social media, chatbots, and virtual reality

What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review

Personalizing interventions using real-world interactions: Improving symptoms and social functioning in schizophrenia with tailored metacognitive therapy.

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