Smartphone/Tablet-based Laparoscopy Simulation System: A Low-cost Training Module for Beginners in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Abstract

Laparoscopic surgery is a well-established domain of surgery and it has become essential for surgical practitioners to be well versed in the technique. It has a steep learning curve which exists because of a number of additional skills required for a successful transition from open surgery to minimally invasive procedures. Hence, it is desirable that a trainee should practice laparoscopy upon simulation devices before attempting an actual procedure on a patient. Two types of simulators are currently available in the market: box type and virtual reality type. The major limitation in their use is the cost factor involved. These simulators are relatively expensive, which the trainees in developing countries can ill afford. My efforts were directed at developing a low-cost simulator that is easy to assemble, requires minimal investment, and helps in improving depth perception and ambidexterity at the same time. I devised a simulation system based on smartphone/tablet. These gadgets (smartphone/tablet) are easily available everywhere at a reasonable cost. In the apparatus devised by me, the rear camera of a smartphone works as a laparoscopic camera and its screen works as the monitor. Light-emitting diode flash of the device functions as the light source. The smartphone has to be attached to a specially designed box fitted with accessories to perform various tasks. The practice sessions can be recorded and used for monitoring and evaluation by experts. A satisfactory level of elementary laparoscopy training can be imparted at a lower cost using smartphone-based simulation system.