Using finite size scaling techniques and a renormalization scheme based on the Gradient Flow, we determine non-perturbatively the β-function of the SU (3) Yang-Mills theory for a range of renormalized couplingsḡ 2 ∼ 1 − 12. We perform a detailed study of the matching with the asymptotic NNLO perturbative behavior at high-energy, with our non-perturbative data showing a significant deviation from the perturbative prediction down toḡ 2 ∼ 1. We conclude that schemes based on the Gradient Flow are not competitive to match with the asymptotic perturbative behavior, even when the NNLO expansion of the β-function is known. On the other hand, we show that matching non-perturbatively the Gradient Flow to the Schrödinger Functional scheme allows us to make safe contact with perturbation theory with full control on truncation errors. This strategy allows us to obtain a precise determination of the Λ-parameter of the SU (3) Yang-Mills theory in units of a reference hadronic scale ( √ 8t 0 Λ MS = 0.6227 (98)), showing that a precision on the QCD coupling below 0.5% per-cent can be achieved using these techniques.
References 512 / 55 1 We note while passing that, at present, the perturbative β-function is most accurately known in the MS scheme of dimensional regularization, where the b k -coefficients have been computed up to k = 4 [23,24,25,26,27]. Other specific cases will be presented in detail below.2 In the following we shall loosely refer to (RG invariant) low-energy scales of the SU (3) Yang-Mills theory as "hadronic" scales/quantities, although strictly speaking there are no hadrons in this theory. Popular examples of lowenergy scales are, for instance, the energies composing the spectrum of the theory, the distance r0 obtained from the potential between two static quarks [28], and the gradient flow time t0 [11]. We will come back to some of these in later sections.