“…Reassuming, firms can benefit from better credit availability in a long-term relationship (Petersen and Rajan, 1994;Berger and Udell, 1995;Cole, 1998;Harhoff and Körting, 1998;Brick and Palia, 2007;Peltoniemi, 2007;Bartoli et al, 2013;Fiordelisi et al, 2013), but at the same time they can suffer from the hold-up phenomenon (Angelini et al, 1998;Lehmann and Neuberger, 2001;Ioannidou and Ongena, 2010;Gambini and Zazzaro, 2013;Stein, 2015; see Table 4). Apart from the hold-up risk in long-term and exclusive relationships between banks and firms, the possibility of a different phenomenon exists: the soft-budget constraint.…”