Smear positive extra pulmonary tuberculosis disease at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundWhile pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common presentation, extra pulmonary tuberculosis is also an important clinical problem. However, no adequate information had been made available on the prevalence of smear positive extra pulmonary tuberculosis in Gondar. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and possible risk factors of smear positive extra pulmonary tuberculosis among suspected patients at University of Gondar Hospital.MethodsA cross-sectional study on extra pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients was conducted at University of Gondar Hospital from January 2012 to April, 2012. Specimens of patients suspected of extra pulmonary tuberculosis were obtained from fine needle aspiration and body fluid samples collected by pathologist. Demographic characteristics and other variables were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Smears were prepared from each sample and stained by Ziehel Neelson and Wright stain. The result of the study was analyzed with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultA total of 344 extra pulmonary tuberculosis suspected clients were included in the study and specimens were taken from lymph node aspirates and body fluids. The overall prevalence of smear positive extra pulmonary tuberculosis was 34 (9.9%). Of these cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, lymph node tuberculosis constituted the largest proportion (82.4%). Among the 34 extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients, over half of them (52.9%) were positive for human immunodeficiency virus. The largest proportion of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus cases occurred among persons with in the age group of 31–40 years. Previous history of tuberculosis (OR = 4.77, 95% CI 1.86-12.24), contact to a known tuberculosis cases (OR = 6.67 95% CI 2.78-16.90), history of underlying diseases (OR = 2.79 95% CI 1.15-6.78) and income (OR = 12.9 95% CI 2.25-68.02) were significantly associated with extra pulmonary tuberculosis infection.ConclusionThe prevalence of smear positive extra pulmonary tuberculosis infection in Gondar is high. Screening of lymph node and other body fluid specimens for extra pulmonary tuberculosis could help for treatment, control and prevention of the disease.

Clinico-pathological features of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Uganda genotype in patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis: a cross sectional study

“…Not unexpectedly a high proportion (66%) of the patients in this study were HIV-infected, a figure which is similar to studies of patients with extra-pulmonary TB in other high endemic African countries [45,46]. It is well known that HIV co-infection represents an increased risk of dissemination of TB involving multiple organs, through several immunological mechanisms not yet quite well understood [47], and infection with HIV increases the incidence and severity of abdominal TB [37].…”

Clinico-pathological features of tuberculosis due to mycobacterium tuberculosis Uganda genotype in patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis: a cross sectional study

“…Not unexpectedly a high proportion (66%) of the patients in this study were HIV-infected, a figure which is similar to studies of patients with extra-pulmonary TB in other high endemic African countries [45,46]. It is well known that HIV coinfection represents an increased risk of dissemination of TB involving multiple organs, through several immunological mechanisms not yet quite well understood [47], and infection with HIV increases the incidence and severity of abdominal TB [37].…”

Comparative Study of Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Bhutan (2015-2017)

“…Over diagnosis of EPTB is likely, which has led to reporting of a very high percentage of clinically diagnosed EPTB. In a study by Zenebe, Anagaw (11) , the overall prevalence of smear positive EPTB was reported as 9.9% (34/344), which is in close proximity to the smear positive EPTB reported in Bhutan.…”