Smell and Meaning: An OERP Study

Invitto, Sara; Piraino, Giulia; Mignozzi, Arianna; Capone, S.; Montagna, G.; Siciliano, P.; Mazzatenta, Andrea; Rocco, Gianbattista; Feudis, Irio De; Trotta, Gianpaolo Francesco; Brunetti, Antonio; Bevilacqua, Vitoantonio

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56904-8_28

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…After the Task, the experimenter asked the subject if he had perceived the smell and if he perceived the odour, and if the odour was pleasant, arousing or familiar on a scale from 1 to 5 (i.e., 1 = minimum value; 5 = maximum value) [53].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Event-Related Potentials and Exhaled Organic Volatile Compounds: The Slow Link Between Olfactory Perception and Breath Metabolic Response. A Pilot Study on Phenylethyl Alcohol and Vaseline Oil

Invitto

Mazzatenta

2019

Brain Sciences

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Olfactory processing starts with the breath and elicits neuronal, metabolic and cortical responses. This process can be investigated centrally via the Olfactory Event-Related Potentials (OERPs) and peripherally via exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Despite this, the relationship between OERPs (i.e., N1 and Late Positive Component LPC) and exhaled VOCs has not been investigated enough. The aim of this research is to study OERPs and VOCs connection to two different stimuli: phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) and Vaseline Oil (VO). Fifteen healthy subjects performed a perceptual olfactory task with PEA as a smell target stimulus and VO as a neutral stimulus. The results suggest that OERPs and VOCs distributions follow the same amplitude trend and that PEA is highly arousing in both psychophysiological measures. PEA shows ampler and faster N1, a component related to the sensorial aspect of the stimulus. The N1 topographic localization is different between PEA and VO: PEA stimulus evokes greater N1 in the left centroparietal site. LPC, a component elicited by the perceptual characteristic of the stimulus, shows faster latency in the Frontal lobe and decreased amplitude in the Central and Parietal lobe elicited by the PEA smell. Moreover, the delayed time between the onset of N1-LPC and the onset of VOCs seems to be about 3 s. This delay could be identified as the internal metabolic time in which the odorous stimulus, once perceived at the cortical level, is metabolized and subsequently exhaled. Furthermore, the VO stimulus does not allocate the attentive, perceptive and metabolic resource as with PEA.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Event-Related Potentials and Exhaled Organic Volatile Compounds: The Slow Link Between Olfactory Perception and Breath Metabolic Response. A Pilot Study on Phenylethyl Alcohol and Vaseline Oil

Invitto

Mazzatenta

2019

Brain Sciences

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“…The device used to record odorous stimuli presentation allows the CSERPs evoked by olfactory stimuli to be measured in a controlled, automated fashion, synchronized to the acquisition of the EEG signal. This method additionally allowed for the blind presentation of smells ( Invitto et al, 2014 , 2017b ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of OERP as Early Marker of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Invitto

Piraino

Ciccarese

et al. 2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Olfactory impairment is present in up to 90% of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is present in certain cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transient phase between normal aging and dementia. Subjects affected by MCI have a higher risk of developing dementia compared to the general population, and studies have found that olfactory deficits could be an indicator of whether such a conversion might happen. Following these assumptions, aim of this study was to investigate olfactory perception in MCI patients. We recruited 12 MCI subjects (mean age 70 ± 6.7 years) through the Alzheimer Assessment Unit (UVA Unite) of ASL Lecce (Italy), and 12 healthy geriatric volunteers (HS) as the control group (mean age 64 ± 6.0 years), all of whom were first evaluated via a panel of neuropsychological tests. Subjects were asked to perform an olfactory recognition task involving two scents: rose and eucalyptus, administrated in the context of an oddball task during EEG recordings. Olfactory event-related potential (OERP) components N1 and Late Positive Potential (LPC) were then analyzed as measures of the sensorial and perceptive aspects of the olfactory response, respectively. It was determined that, in the MCI group, both the N1 and LPC components were significantly different compared to those of the HS group during the execution of the oddball task. In particular, the N1 amplitude, was reduced, while the LPC amplitude was increased, indicating that a degree of perceptive compensation can occur when sensorial function is impaired. Further, a correlation analysis, involving OERP components and neuropsychological battery scores, indicated that impairment of olfactory perception may share common pathways with impairments of the spatial system and long-term memory processing.

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“…Once the odor is administered, the subject automatically searches, even if the task does not require it, to label the various smells perceived (naming action) [46], thus producing different ERP components depending on the encoding of the stimulus or the level of discrimination and recognition [47]. Even using new or scarcely known smells could cause the same inconvenience as the subject tries to identify them.…”

Section: Methods Of Recording and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pearl and pitfalls in brain functional analysis by event-related potentials: a narrative review by the Italian Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience Society on methodological limits and clinical reliability—part II

et al. 2020

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This review focuses on new and/or less standardized event-related potentials methods, in order to improve their knowledge for future clinical applications. The olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) assess the olfactory functions in time domain, with potential utility in anosmia and degenerative diseases. The transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) could support the investigation of the intracerebral connections with very high temporal discrimination. Its application in the diagnosis of disorders of consciousness has achieved recent confirmation. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and eventrelated fields (ERF) could improve spatial accuracy of scalp signals, with potential large application in pre-surgical study of epileptic patients. Although these techniques have methodological limits, such as high inter-and intraindividual variability and high costs, their diffusion among researchers and clinicians is hopeful, pending their standardization.

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Smell and Meaning: An OERP Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Olfactory Event-Related Potentials and Exhaled Organic Volatile Compounds: The Slow Link Between Olfactory Perception and Breath Metabolic Response. A Pilot Study on Phenylethyl Alcohol and Vaseline Oil

Olfactory Event-Related Potentials and Exhaled Organic Volatile Compounds: The Slow Link Between Olfactory Perception and Breath Metabolic Response. A Pilot Study on Phenylethyl Alcohol and Vaseline Oil

Potential Role of OERP as Early Marker of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Pearl and pitfalls in brain functional analysis by event-related potentials: a narrative review by the Italian Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience Society on methodological limits and clinical reliability—part II

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