Smelting reduction and kinetics analysis of magnetic iron in copper slag using waste cooking oil

Li, Bo; Wang, Xubin; Wang, Hua; Wei, Yonggang; Hu, Jianhang

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02696-y

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Li et al [15] utilized coke powder as a reductant to recover iron form copper slag at 1300℃, and under the optimized condition, the iron grade and iron recovery ratio were 96.21% and 91.82%, respectively. Renewable resources of reductants have also been investigated, such as cooking oil [16,17], biochar [18,19] and diesel oil [20,21], which are cost-effective and eco-friendly. At temperature above 1200 ℃, it is easy to realize the separation of slag and iron while the smelting reduction takes place, and the additives, such as CaO, CaF2 and Na2O, can decrease the reaction temperature [3,18,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbothermal reduction of fayalite: Thermodynamic and non-isothermal kinetic analysis

Zou

et al. 2022

J min metall B Metall

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The present paper investigated the thermodynamics and kinetics of carbothermal reduction of fayalite by non-isothermal method combining with thermogravimetric analyzer and applying the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and M?lek models. According to the thermodynamic analysis, the starting temperature of direct reduction reaction of fayalite is 806.79?C in the standard state. The indirect reduction reaction can not take place in the standard state. While the volume percentage of CO is higher than 86 vol.% in nonstandard state, the indirect reduction can take place in the range of experimental temperature. Meanwhile, Boudouard reaction can promote the indirect reduction process. The kinetic analysis results show that at the temperature below 1100?C, the main reduction reaction is the direct reduction between fayalite and graphite. With the temperature increasing, the fayalite reacts with CO generated from the gasification of graphite. When the reduction rate increases from 0% to 50%, the activation energy of the reaction increases to 524.41 kJ/mol. Then, the activation energy decreases with the increase of reduction rate. The carbothermal reduction of fayalite is multistep reaction. The controlling step in the initial stage is the gasification of graphite. As the reaction proceeding, the generated CO provides a good kinetics condition for the carbothermal reduction of fayalite, and the controlling step of the reaction is the nucleation and growth of the metallic iron.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbothermal reduction of fayalite: Thermodynamic and non-isothermal kinetic analysis

Zou

et al. 2022

J min metall B Metall

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“…In the cement industry, it is used as a raw material for cement clinker, cement concrete mixed material, and used as an iron correction agent to produce Portland cement clinker (Shi et al, 2008;Feng et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020) In the construction industry, it is used in brick making and various cutting blocks and is an alternative to sand for concrete preparation (Kalusuraman et al, 2019;Lan et al, 2020). At home and abroad, research on the recovery of single metal copper from copper slag has been more in-depth and has achieved fruitful results (Zhang et al, 2015;Heo et al, 2016;Liao et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2017;Li et al, 2017). In summary, the current technology mainly includes pyrometallurgy, mineral processing, and the wet method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element Distribution and Migration Behavior in the Copper Slag Reduction and Separation Process

et al. 2021

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Copper slag is a solid pollutant with high recyclability. Reduction and separation are regarded as effective disposal methods. However, during the melting process, the separation and migration behavior of elements in the copper slag is complicated. Thus, the formation of pollutants cannot be controlled merely by optimizing the operation parameters. The elemental distribution and migration behavior are discussed in this work. In reduction experiments, the copper slag smelting liquid was divided into three layers: a reduction slag layer, a reactive boundary layer, and an iron ingot layer. Reduction slag and ingot iron were on the top and bottom of the liquid, respectively. Residual carbon oozed at the interface. C can react with reducible “O” atoms, which exist in 2FeO·SiO2, Fe3O4, and CuO. Meanwhile, CO was generated and overflowed from the liquid layer. After reduction by C or CO, metallic iron and copper were produced and migrated to the iron ingot layer. In the liquid, S gradually diffused into the upper layer. Some of the ZnO and CuS spilled from the liquid into the flume. After reduction, CaO·SiO2 was generated and moved to the upper layer.

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“…[1][2][3][4] To date, several different hydrogen production processes have been studied and applied, including water electrolysis, 5 water photolysis 6 and hydrocarbon partial oxidation and reforming. [7][8][9][10] In addition to these processes, thermochemical pathways for the production of hydrogen/syngas by decomposition of methane, 11,12 ethanol, 13,14 as well as catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil (WCO), [15][16][17] are receiving increasing attention. WCO refers to a variety of oil wastes from natural vegetable oils and animal fats that lose edible value in the process of cooking or deep processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from cracking of a waste cooking oil model compound over Ni‐Co / SBA ‐15 catalysts

Liu

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Hydrogen is considered an ideal energy carrier. However, the use of fossil fuels to produce hydrogen depletes natural resources and causes environmental problems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find alternative raw materials and technologies for the production of hydrogen. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is a renewable energy source that has emerged as a potential raw material for hydrogen production. This study describes the production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by catalytic cracking of a WCO model compound (WCOMC) performed in a lab-scale fixed bed using Ni-Co/SBA-15 catalysts. The phase, structure and reduction properties of the catalyst were analysed by using different characterisation methods. The effects of the nickel-cobalt metal content and the reaction temperature on both the hydrogen production and the quality of the CNTs were investigated. The deposited carbonaceous products were characterised to analyse their external appearance, internal structure, oxidation stability and graphitisation degree. The results indicated that the catalyst containing 20% Ni and 30% Co showed the highest activity. When reaction temperature was 800 C, the instantaneous volume fraction of hydrogen was close to 43.5 vol% and the content of hydrogen in the gas product was close to 66.5 vol%. A few multi-walled CNTs having a small diameter and some CNTs with an open-topped structure were deposited on 10%Ni-40%Co/SBA-15 and 30%Ni-20%Co/SBA-15, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopic analysis indicated that all CNTs showed high oxidation stability and a high degree of graphitisation.

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Smelting reduction and kinetics analysis of magnetic iron in copper slag using waste cooking oil

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Carbothermal reduction of fayalite: Thermodynamic and non-isothermal kinetic analysis

Carbothermal reduction of fayalite: Thermodynamic and non-isothermal kinetic analysis

Element Distribution and Migration Behavior in the Copper Slag Reduction and Separation Process

Simultaneous production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from cracking of a waste cooking oil model compound over Ni‐Co / SBA ‐15 catalysts

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