SmMYB113 Is a Key Transcription Factor Responsible for Compositional Variation of Anthocyanin and Color Diversity Among Eggplant Peels

Yang, Guobin; Li, Lujun; Wei, Min; Li, Jing; Yang, Fang

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.843996

Cited by 34 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Anthocyanins are a branch of flavonoid biosynthesis. Colored flavonoids (flavanols, isoflavonoids, and flavones) and their glycosides are responsible for coloring leaves, fruits, and flowers (Zhang et al 2020 ; Berni et al 2021 ; Yang et al 2022 ). Analysis of the relative contents of the top 20 metabolites in rice hulls at different developmental stages revealed that tricin 4′-O-β-guaiacylglycerol had the highest relative content in pg -0d (straw-white) (flavones, 53.4 × 10 6 ) and pg -30d (brownish-yellow) (flavones, 28.5 × 10 6 ), followed by salcolin A [flavones, 47.7 × 10 6 ( pg -0d, straw-white) and 27.6 × 10 6 ( pg -30d, brownish-yellow)] (Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Metabolic Profiles and Gene Mapping of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Purple Gradient Grain Hulls

Zhang

Yang

Huang

et al. 2022

Rice

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain hull color is an easily observable trait and regarded as a crucial morphological marker in rice breeding. Here, a purple gradient grain hull mutant (pg) was found from natural mutations of a straw-white grain hull rice variety IARI 6184B (Orzya sativa L. subsp. indica). The color of the mutant grain hulls changed from straw-white to pink, then purple, and finally brownish-yellow. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) identified 217 flavonoids, including 18 anthocyanins, among which cyanidin O-syringic acid had the highest concentration in pink (66.2 × 106) and purple (68.0 × 106) grain hulls. The relative contents of hesperetin O-malonyl-hexoside, apigenin derivatives, genistein derivatives, and kaempferol 3-O derivatives were consistently downregulated during pg grain hull development. Conversely, 12 anthocyanins were upregulated in colored hulls, and cyanidin 3-O-malonylhexoside was abundant only in pink and purple grain hulls. Moreover, the candidate gene was mapped into a 1.38 Mb region on chromosome 4 through bulked segregant analysis based on deep sequencing (BSA-seq) and gene mapping approaches. These results increased our understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice grains, helping rice breeders to select new rice varieties with desirable grain traits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Metabolic Profiles and Gene Mapping of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Purple Gradient Grain Hulls

Zhang

Yang

Huang

et al. 2022

Rice

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“…In previous research, the delphinidins were reported as the main anthocyanins in purple plants’ peels ( Liang et al, 2022 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). In purple eggplant peels, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside ( Yang et al, 2022 ), delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R) ( Florio et al, 2021 ), delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside ( Azuma et al, 2008 ) and delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside ( Condurache et al, 2021 ) were enriched. They all belonged to the delphinidin though their structure were different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of that, more and more experiments have emerged to study anthocyanins in eggplant peels. For instance, comparing six different colors of eggplant peels was conducted by Yang et al (2022) . The gene of F3′5′H expression level was higher in dark-purple eggplant peels than in others, which was consistent with delphinidin content in anthocyanins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gene of F3′5′H expression level was higher in dark-purple eggplant peels than in others, which was consistent with delphinidin content in anthocyanins. Transcription factor SmMYB113 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant ( Yang et al, 2022 ). SmTT8 interacts with transcription factor SmMYB75 to promote anthocyanin accumulation ( Shi et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses to Explore the Effect of Color Under Fruit Calyx on That of Fruit Apex in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Zhang

XiuRui

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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Fruit color is an important commercial characteristic of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), which affects both the profits of growers and consumer choice. Two eggplant inbred lines were discovered: “Z,” which is a light purple color under the fruit calyx, with purple on the fruit apex; and “L,” fruits of which are green under the calyx and at the apex. To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of fruit peel color under the calyx on that at the fruit apex, we conducted a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the Z and L inbred eggplant lines. Transcriptome analysis of peel samples from three fruit regions (under the calyx, the apex, and the middle surface) of each line was conducted by RNA sequencing, and generated a total of 791,512,404 clean reads from 18 samples (three biological replicates). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs; n = 424) were identified in comparisons of peel samples from the three sites of L line fruits. Gene ontology analysis showed that “catalytic activity” was extremely significantly enriched. Further, DEGs (n = 8) were enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway “flavonoid biosynthesis.” Levels of CHI, LDOX, F3′5′H, and dihydroflavonol reductase were higher in the Z line than the L line. In addition, metabolome analysis showed that, 10 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected between peel samples from the apex of L and Z line fruit. The most significant DAM was delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside (Z line content, 34.89 μg/g vs. L line content 0.01 μg/g). Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that DFR and F3′5′H were closely related to content of the metabolites, cyanidin and delphinidin, and that some downstream metabolites differed significantly between the L and Z lines. Content levels of delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were markedly down-regulated in the L line. Altogether, increased CHI levels could up-regulate the downstream genes, LDOX, F3′5′H, and DFR, which further lead to increasing the content of delphindin. Thus, the uniform purple color was presented at the apex of fruits in Z plants. These findings not only identify key candidate genes, but will also improve understanding of the genetics and the efficiency of breeding for eggplant fruit color.

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“…The most abundant anthocyanidins in flowers include pelargonidin, delphinidin, and cyanidin ( Mekapogu et al, 2020 ). Cyanidins usually impart magenta (reddish-purple) color and delphinidins appear purple or blue-red ( Yang et al, 2022 ). Cyanidin causes purple-red color in chrysanthemum flowers ( Kawase and Tsukamoto, 1976 ; Noda et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Black Flowers? An Extreme Environment and Molecular Perspective of Black Color Accumulation in the Ornamental and Food Crops

Ahmad

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Pollinators are attracted to vibrant flower colors. That is why flower color is the key agent to allow successful fruit set in food or ornamental crops. However, black flower color is the least attractive to pollinators, although a number of plant species produce black flowers. Cyanidin-based anthocyanins are thought to be the key agents to induce black color in the ornamental and fruit crops. R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) play key roles for the tissue-specific accumulation of anthocyanin. MYB1 and MYB11 are the key TFs regulating the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes for black color accumulation. Post-transcriptional silencing of flavone synthase II (FNS) gene is the technological method to stimulate the accumulation of cyanidin-based anthocyanins in black cultivars. Type 1 promoter of DvIVS takes the advantage of FNS silencing to produce large amounts of black anthocyanins. Exogenous ethylene application triggers anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin at ripening. Environment cues have been the pivotal regulators to allow differential accumulation of anthocyanins to regulate black color. Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stimulus that regulates concentration gradient of anthocyanins in various plant parts, thereby affecting the color pattern of flowers. Stability of black anthocyanins in the extreme environments can save the damage, especially in fruits, caused by abiotic stress. White flowers without anthocyanin face more damages from abiotic stress than dark color flowers. The intensity and pattern of flower color accumulation determine the overall fruit set, thereby controlling crop yield and human food needs. This review paper presents comprehensive knowledge of black flower regulation as affected by high temperature stress, and the molecular regulators of anthocyanin for black color in ornamental and food crops. It also discusses the black color-pollination interaction pattern affected by heat stress for food and ornamental crops.

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SmMYB113 Is a Key Transcription Factor Responsible for Compositional Variation of Anthocyanin and Color Diversity Among Eggplant Peels

Cited by 34 publications

References 37 publications

Flavonoid Metabolic Profiles and Gene Mapping of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Purple Gradient Grain Hulls

Flavonoid Metabolic Profiles and Gene Mapping of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Purple Gradient Grain Hulls

Integrating Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses to Explore the Effect of Color Under Fruit Calyx on That of Fruit Apex in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Why Black Flowers? An Extreme Environment and Molecular Perspective of Black Color Accumulation in the Ornamental and Food Crops

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