Smoke control in case of fire in a large car park: Full-scale experiments

Abstract

Temperature measurements are presented as obtained in a full-scale experimental campaign on large closed car park fires. Since the main objective of the study is the investigation of the impact of a smoke and heat control (SHC) system with forced mechanical horizontal ventilation on the smoke pattern in case of a car park fire, the desired fire heat release rate (HRR) is imposed by means of well-controlled liquid pool fires. Different parameters are varied: the fire HRR; the smoke extraction flow rate; the flow patterns (through modification of inlet air opening); and the presence (or not) of a transversal beam. Not surprisingly, less smoke back-layering is observed for lower fire HRR and higher smoke extraction rate, the effect of the latter being more important. The exact position of the extraction fans is not essential, when they are not close to the fire source. The impact of the flow pattern is substantial: when smoke is trapped inside a recirculation region, the smoke and heat are not removed effectively. A transversal beam can block the smoke, even for high HRR. The primary effect of jet fans (induction type, 50N) in the study at hand is a local cooling effect, not a significant impact on the global flow pattern. For the cooling effect to be observed, the jet fans must not be in a smoke filled region.

Smoke control in case of fire in a large car park: CFD simulations of full-scale configurations

“…Consequently, this paper targets multiple objectives. Firstly, it is illustrated that the trends observed in the results of the full-scale experimental campaign of [1] are well captured in the CFD simulations. Secondly, additional insight is provided for the interpretation of the results, thanks to additional information from CFD that has not been measured.…”

“…the settings correspond to the full-scale experimental campaign, as described in [1]. The reader is referred to [1] for a complete description of the experimental set-up, including the accuracy of the data.…”

“…the settings correspond to the full-scale experimental campaign, as described in [1]. The reader is referred to [1] for a complete description of the experimental set-up, including the accuracy of the data. The heat release rate (HRR) of the fire, introduced as well-controlled liquid pool fire, is an input parameter in the study of the effect of the SHC system on the smoke movement in fire conditions.…”

“…As mentioned, it is investigated first to what extent the trends in the experimental results of [1] are captured in the CFD simulations. The following parameters are varied:…”

“…Secondly, the accuracy, in terms of sensitivity, and the manner of presentation of the results is explained. Finally, the comparison to the experimental data of [1] is provided.…”