Smoke data determination for various types of fuel

Barakat, Mouhammad; Souil, J.M.; Breillat, Catherine; Vantelon, Jean-Pierre; Knorre, V. G.; Rongère, François-Xavier

doi:10.1016/s0379-7112(97)00040-4

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Specific extinction area is used to assess how much soot in smoke is released from the combustion of different samples [78]. With the addition of silica-containing flame retardants into PMMA samples, the value of SEAm of most silica-containing PMMA samples was increased.…”

Section: Smoke Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cone calorimeter analysis of flame retardant poly (methyl methacrylate)-silica nanocomposites

Shen

Hatanaka

Ahmed

et al. 2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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for the continued support and guidance in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. I would also like to thank Dr. Sundarajan V. Madihally and Dr. Jindal Shah for sharing their valuable and insightful thoughts and comments, which helped me to complete this project. My sincere thanks also goes to Prof. Robert Agnew, who helped me use the equipment of cone calorimeter, and Logan C. Hatanaka and Lubna Ahmed from Texas A&M University, who helped make the test specimens. I also appreciate the help and suggestions from my group mates, Qingtong Liu, Beibei Wang, and Hang Yi. Last but not the least, I am thankful to my parents and my sister for their love and patience throughout writing this thesis and my life in general, which always motivates and inspires me to overcome any obstacles.

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Section: Smoke Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cone calorimeter analysis of flame retardant poly (methyl methacrylate)-silica nanocomposites

Shen

Hatanaka

Ahmed

et al. 2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…6, α m = 0.79 × 2.303 / 0.164 = 11.1 m 2 /g, and is close to the measured value of α m = 10.0 m 2 /g. The light extinction coefficient is a function of light wavelength, e.g., the Mie theory, α ∝ λ -n , where n is the scattering coefficient [4]. Studies have also shown that at a particular wavelength, e.g., nm 633 = λ , the smoke generated by over-ventilated flame has a nearly universal specific extinction coefficient, α m = 8.7 ± 1.1 m 2 /g with a 95% confidence interval [3].…”

Section: Description Of Numerical Model On Smoke Visibility Light Extmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many experiments have been done to determine smoke properties generated from flames, such as light extinction and size distribution. Various types of fuels and materials of interest to fire research have been tested [3,4]. Other aspects related to smoke transport, such as the toxic effects, are reported [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Smoke Visibility In CFD

Kang¹,

MacDonald²

2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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Smoke transport is a fundamental fire phenomenon. One area of interest in fire/life safety is computer modeling of fire and smoke transport. Smoke impairs visibility, and visibility is path-dependent. This paper presents a ray tracing technique for smoke visualization. The method of ray tracing directly addresses visibility from a viewer's perspective. A case study is performed on a t-square room fire under natural ventilation. The results demonstrate that the implemented ray tracing visualization of smoke visibility is better than other existing methods in CFD. In addition, the visualization results can be used to evaluate smoke dispersion quantitatively. For the room fire examined, the estimated standard deviation of smoke visibility helps identify the transient behavior, which occurs about 2.5 min to 3.5 min into the fire. It is expected that the better understanding of smoke visibility from this technique would benefit fire / life safety design applications.

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“…For instance, we can cite the references [12,13] in which a wide spectrum band emitter was used to study fire at the compartment scale. We can also cite Barakat et al [14] who used monochromatic beams in the visible range to study smoke produced by different fire loads and to assess its extinction properties as a function of wavelength. The approximation based on the Beer-Lambert's law omits multiple scattering phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-point opacity measurement in a fire environment using a network of optical fibres

Parent

Morlon

Fromy

et al. 2016

Fire Safety Journal

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Opacity measurements were carried out in a smoke layer using a light source and photodiodes located outside the hot environment, using a network of optical fibers to transport the incident and attenuated light. The whole system was designed with protections for the emission and reception points against smoke, droplets and water vapor generated by a water mist system. It was tested first in laboratory conditions in order to assess its stability at high temperature or in a water spray. Its accuracy regarding the transmission measurement was then evaluated using a reference material. It was used after these qualifications steps in a fire smoke layer flowing along a corridor roof, in order to provide a stratification profile based on transmittance data. Results were compared to the stratification data obtained with classical thermocouple measurements. The analysis showed similar conclusions without spray: the vertical evolution in temperature and transmission indicated a similar smoke-free layer, around 1.20 m high in the 2.40 m high corridor when smoke was produced by a 250 kW heptane pool fire in a neighboring room. When studying smoke/mist interactions using a nozzle injecting water in the corridor, a perfect mixing was deduced from temperature measurements, while some discrepancies still appeared with the opacimeters, indicating some variations in the particle concentrations. The opacity could serve to predict these concentration profiles and the visibility in the smoke/droplet medium.

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Smoke data determination for various types of fuel

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Cone calorimeter analysis of flame retardant poly (methyl methacrylate)-silica nanocomposites

Cone calorimeter analysis of flame retardant poly (methyl methacrylate)-silica nanocomposites

Modeling Smoke Visibility In CFD

Multi-point opacity measurement in a fire environment using a network of optical fibres

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