Smoke Exposure Disclosure: Parental Perspectives of Screening in the Inpatient Setting

Abstract

OBJECTIVES Current screening questions for pediatric tobacco smoke exposure are suboptimal. Factors influencing screening accuracy, particularly in the pediatric inpatient setting, are unknown. Our objective was to identify facilitators of and barriers to parental disclosure of smoke exposure when screened during their child’s hospitalization and strategies to promote accurate disclosure. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted with a convenience sample of parents of children admitted to the medical and surgical unit of a Midwest tertiary care children’s hospital. Eligible parents included those with documented disclosure of smoke exposure in the child’s electronic health record. A researcher trained in qualitative methods conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews with parents regarding their experiences with smoke exposure screening in the inpatient pediatric setting. Two researchers independently identified concepts directed at barriers, facilitators, and strategies for effective screening, which were compared and reconciled by a third researcher. RESULTS Facilitators of disclosing their child’s smoke exposure included the following: (1) the caregiver’s internal characteristic(s) promoting disclosure, (2) perceived relevance of the screening question to the child’s health, and (3) the questioner being viewed positively. Barriers included the following: (1) fear of negative consequences, (2) a vague question, (3) lack of knowledge, (4) guilt, and (5) unconducive environment and timing. The strategies parents suggested to improve screening for smoke exposure included the following: (1) communicate preemptively, (2) provide specific exposure examples, (3) improve questioner-caregiver rapport, and (4) improve screening environment and timing. CONCLUSIONS Parents identified various mechanisms to improve tobacco smoke exposure screening. The facilitators, barriers, and strategies provide opportunities to improve the inpatient pediatric screening process.