Smoke measurements in Gestosa 2004 field experiments

Miranda, Ana Isabel; Borrego, C.; Amorim, Jorge Humberto; Valente, Joana; Santos, P.; Viegas, D. X.; Ribeiro, Luís Mário

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.209

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and phenols were the primary toxic VOCs. The concentrations of the toxic VOCs in the present study were higher than those measured in previous studies (Barboni and Chiaramonti, 2010;Miranda et al, 2005;Reisen and Brown, 2009;. These higher values may be due to the sampling distance; during prescribed burns, the foresters are close to the flame (< 10 m).…”

Section: Analytical Results and Risk Assessmentcontrasting

confidence: 80%

Quantification of volatile organic compounds in smoke from prescribed burning and comparison with occupational exposure limits

Romagnoli

Barboni

Santoni

et al. 2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Prescribed burning represents a serious threat to personnel fighting fires due to smoke inhalation. The aim of this study was to investigate exposure by foresters to smoke from prescribed burning, focusing on exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The methodology for smoke sampling was first evaluated. Potentially dangerous compounds were identified among the VOCs emitted by smoke fires at four prescribed burning plots located around Corsica. The measured mass concentrations for several toxic VOCs were generally higher than those measured in previous studies due to the experimental framework (short sampling distance between the foresters and the flame, low combustion, wet vegetation). In particular, benzene, phenol and furfural exceeded the legal short-term exposure limits published in Europe and/or the United States. Other VOCs such as toluene, ethybenzene or styrene remained below the exposure limits. In conclusion, clear and necessary recommendations were made for protection of personnel involved in fighting fires.

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Section: Analytical Results and Risk Assessmentcontrasting

confidence: 80%

Quantification of volatile organic compounds in smoke from prescribed burning and comparison with occupational exposure limits

Romagnoli

Barboni

Santoni

et al. 2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Fire experimental fields in France (Barboni et al, 2010) and Portugal (Miranda et al, 2005) have revealed concentrations of toxic air pollutants well above exposure limit values set by the European regulatory rules. Using airborne observations, Phuleria et al (2005) and Singh et al (2012) documented the contribution of fire emissions to the urban pollution during the Californian fires in 2003 and 2008 respectively.…”

Section: Leroy-cancellieri Et Al: Evaluation Of Wildland Fire Smomentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Elevated PM 2.5 concentrations were observed by air quality ground stations tens of kilometres downwind of an arson fire in southern France (Strada et al, 2012). During the Gestosa 2002 experimental field fires in Portugal, Miranda et al (2005) reported extreme hourly averaged particulate matter concentration of 2350 µg m −3 for PM 2.5 and 1430 µg m −3 for PM 10 . During the last decade, considerable efforts were made to characterize the organic and inorganic compounds in the gas and particulate phases from prescribed fires (Lee et al, 2005;Yan et al, 2008;Alves et al, 2011;Burling et al, 2011) or uncontrolled fires (Alves et al, 2010;Vincente et al, 2012) in contrasted fuel and meteorological conditions.…”

Section: Leroy-cancellieri Et Al: Evaluation Of Wildland Fire Smomentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of wildland fire smoke plume dynamics and aerosol load using UV scanning lidar and fire–atmosphere modelling during the Mediterranean Letia 2010 experiment

Leroy-Cancellieri

Augustin

Filippi

et al. 2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Vegetation fires emit large amount of gases and aerosols which are detrimental to human health. Smoke exposure near and downwind of fires depends on the fire propagation, the atmospheric circulations and the burnt vegetation. A better knowledge of the interaction between wildfire and atmosphere is a primary requirement to investigate fire smoke and particle transport. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the usefulness of an UV scanning lidar to characterise the fire smoke plume and consequently validate fireatmosphere model simulations.An instrumented burn was conducted in a Mediterranean area typical of ones frequently subject to wildfire with low dense shrubs. Using lidar measurements positioned near the experimental site, fire smoke plume was thoroughly characterised by its optical properties, edge and dynamics. These parameters were obtained by combining methods based on lidar inversion technique, wavelet edge detection and a backscatter barycentre technique. The smoke plume displacement was determined using a digital video camera coupled with the lidar.The simulation was performed using a mesoscale atmospheric model in a large eddy simulation configuration (Meso-NH) coupled to a fire propagation physical model (ForeFire), taking into account the effect of wind, slope and fuel properties. A passive numerical scalar tracer was injected in the model at fire location to mimic the smoke plume. The simulated fire smoke plume width remained within the edge smoke plume obtained from lidar measurements. The maximum smoke injection derived from lidar backscatter coefficients and the simulated passive tracer was around 200 m. The vertical position of the simulated plume barycentre was systematically below the barycentre derived from the lidar backscatter coefficients due to the oversimplified properties of the passive tracer compared to real aerosol particles. Simulated speed and horizontal location of the plume compared well with the observations derived from the videography and lidar method, suggesting that fire convection and advection were correctly taken into account.

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“…Its impacts on air quality and human health can be important since large amounts of pollutants, like particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ), are emitted to the atmosphere [1][2][3][4][5]. The acute air pollution episodes caused by fires in Amazonia, Indonesia and Philippines in 1997, drawn worldwide attention to the problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of the impact of wildland-urban interface fires on Coimbra air quality

Miranda

Amorim

Martins

et al. 2008

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Forest fires are a major emission source of pollutants to the atmosphere with several adverse impacts on human health and ecosystems either at local, regional or global scales. Entire populations can be exposed to hazardous concentrations of toxins, especially when fire occurs in the vicinity of cities, as recently drawn by large wildfires in Southeast Asia, Australia, South America or Russia, but also Southern Europe, namely in Portugal. Nowadays there is a growing concern about the increase in both the frequency and the severity of forest fires spreading in the urban wildland interface (WUI) as a consequence of the escalation of urban development among or adjacent to wildlands. The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of wildland forest fires on the air quality of a city in Portugal. Aiming to take into account the effect of a larger atmospheric scale in the very local urban one, a multi-scale approach was adopted, which implied the link between a chemistry-transport mesoscale model (LOTOS-EUROS) and a microscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Forest fire emissions were estimated based on specific southern European emission factors, type of vegetation, area burned and fire behaviour, and were incorporated in the emission input data of the numerical modelling system. Results confirm the strong impact of forest fires on the urban air pollution levels. Statistical indicators were used to validate the modelling application through the comparison of results to measured air quality data. This modelling approach has got very good performance skills showing the possibility of applying this kind of system to analyse the relation between forest fires and urban air pollution.

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Smoke measurements in Gestosa 2004 field experiments

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Quantification of volatile organic compounds in smoke from prescribed burning and comparison with occupational exposure limits

Quantification of volatile organic compounds in smoke from prescribed burning and comparison with occupational exposure limits

Evaluation of wildland fire smoke plume dynamics and aerosol load using UV scanning lidar and fire–atmosphere modelling during the Mediterranean Letia 2010 experiment

Numerical modelling of the impact of wildland-urban interface fires on Coimbra air quality

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