Smoked cocaine self-administration in females

Dudish, Susan A.; Hatsukami, Dorothy K.; Pentel, Paul R.

doi:10.1007/bf02246284

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There was a tendency for women to be less sensitive to the hypertensive and subjective e¤ects of cocaine than men: women reported lower ratings of Stimulated and dose quality, and had relatively smaller increases in systolic pressure following cocaine administration. Although these Þndings are limited by the small number of female participants (n = 5), similar results have been reported in studies using intranasal (Lukas et al 1996) and smoked cocaine (Lexau et al 1995;Dudish et al 1996). The relatively smaller cardiovascular e¤ects of cocaine in women support evidence that cocaine is less toxic in females than males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Further, given that sex di¤erences in the e¤ects of cocaine have been observed in both laboratory animal (Roberts et al 1989;Haney et al 1994) and human studies (Lexau et al 1995;Dudish et al 1996;Kosten et al, 1996;Lukas et al 1996), an additional objective was to obtain preliminary data comparing the e¤ects of IV cocaine in men and women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of pergolide on intravenous cocaine self-administration in men and women

1998

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Clinical evidence suggests that pergolide, a D1/D2 dopamine receptor agonist, may be useful in maintaining cocaine abstinence. We investigated pergolide's effects in a laboratory model of IV cocaine self-administration by humans. Twelve inpatient volunteers (7M, 5F), who reported spending an average of $170/week on cocaine, received pergolide (0.05 mg BID) for 8 days and placebo for 8 days, with drug order balanced across subjects. Self-administration sessions occurred on the last 4 days of maintenance on each medication. A modified seven-trial progressive ratio choice procedure (0, 8, 16, 32 mg/70 kg cocaine versus $5) was utilized, with sessions consisting of: (a) two sample trials, where participants responded to receive the dose and tokens available that day, and (b) five choice trials, where participants chose between the available dose and tokens. Following each trial, the response requirement for the chosen option increased by 400. Maintenance on pergolide 1) decreased cocaine-induced increases in ratings of "High," "Stimulated," cocaine "Potency," estimates of street value, and heart rate, 2) increased ratings of "I want cocaine," and 3) had no effect on cocaine self-administration. The increased desire to use cocaine during pergolide maintenance suggests that it has limited treatment utility at this dose, but given the attenuation of cocaine's subjective and cardiovascular effects, an investigation of a wider range of pergolide doses on cocaine self-administration and subjective effects is warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pergolide on intravenous cocaine self-administration in men and women

1998

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“…It is interesting to compare these effects of repeated cigarette smoking with previous clinical laboratory studies of cocaine, where drug abstinence symptoms were not an issue. As in the present study, repeated administration of cocaine did not result in cumulative increases in ratings of positive subjective effects or heart rate (Dudish et al, 1996;Evans et al, 1999;Fischman and Schuster, 1982;Fischman et al, 1985;Foltin and Fischman, 1991;Sofuoglu et al, 1999;Ward et al, 1997). Only ratings of negative subjective effects increased after repeated doses of IV cocaine (Foltin and Fischman, 1998) whereas, in the present study, peak ratings of negative effects after smoking tended to decrease or stay about the same.…”

Section: Tolerance To Nicotine's Biological and Subjective Effectssupporting

confidence: 68%

Effects of Smoking Successive Low- and High-Nicotine Cigarettes on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Hormones and Mood in Men

Mendelson

Goletiani

Sholar

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Smoking one cigarette produces rapid nicotine dose-related increases in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones, mood, and heart rate, but relatively little is known about the effects of smoking several cigarettes successively. Twenty-four healthy adult men who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria for nicotine dependence provided informed consent. After overnight abstinence from smoking, men smoked three low-or high-nicotine cigarettes for 4 min each at 60 min intervals. Samples for nicotine and hormone analysis, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ratings of subjective effects and heart rate were collected at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min after each cigarette. After low-nicotine cigarettes, nicotine levels, adrenocorticotropin hormone, and heart rate did not increase significantly, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone decreased significantly, and positive VAS ratings were lower but parallel to ratings after high-nicotine cigarette smoking. After high-nicotine cigarettes, peak nicotine levels increased monotonically. HPA axis hormones increased after smoking, but peak levels did not differ significantly after successive high-nicotine cigarettes. Positive VAS ratings and heart rate increased after each high-nicotine cigarette, but peak levels were lower after smoking the second and third cigarette. 'Craving' decreased significantly after smoking both low-and high-nicotine cigarettes, then gradually increased during the 60 min interval between cigarettes. These data are consistent with clinical reports that the first cigarette after overnight nicotine abstinence is most salient. Tolerance to the subjective and cardiovascular effects of nicotine developed rapidly during repeated cigarette smoking, but nicotine-stimulated increases in HPA axis hormones did not change significantly.

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“…As a result, the total self-administered drug dose remained relatively similar across different unit doses. The inverse relationship between the frequency of drug self-administration and unit dose also has been shown in studies of cocaine and other drugs of abuse (e.g., morphine, amphetamine) by using various schedules of reinforcement in mice (David et al, 2001), rats (Carroll et al, 1981;Caine et al, 1999), monkeys (Goldberg et al, 1971;Wilson et al, 1971), and humans (Foltin and Fischman, 1992;Dudish et al, 1996).It has been hypothesized that in self-administration sessions, animals compensate for changes in drug unit dose by adjusting response rates to maintain a constant blood level over time (Wilson et al, 1971). Indeed, blood concentrations of dextro and levo isomers of amphetamine determined immediately after a drug infusion in rats were found to be similar across a range of unit doses (0.25-1 mg/kg/ injection) in drug self-administration behavior (Yokel and Pickens, 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 75%

The Pharmacokinetic Determinants of the Frequency and Pattern of Intravenous Cocaine Self-administration in Rats by Pharmacokinetic Modeling

Lau¹,

Sun²

2002

Drug Metab Dispos

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ABSTRACT:We investigated the pharmacokinetic determinants of the frequency of intravenous cocaine self-administration in 2.5-h sessions. Two groups of rats were implanted with dual catheters that permitted cocaine infusion and blood sampling via the femoral and jugular vein catheters, respectively. Half of the animals in each group self-administered one of the two cocaine unit doses (0.5 and 1 mg/kg/infusion) by pressing a lever under a continuous schedule of reinforcement. To monitor serum cocaine concentrations, the remaining animals received concurrent, response-independent infusions whenever the matched animals self-administered cocaine infusions. Multiple concentration-time data in two successive selfadministrations were determined to monitor the extent of fluctuation in concentrations by pharmacokinetic modeling. Behavioral analyses revealed the higher unit dose (1 mg/kg) resulted in less frequent cocaine self-administration, and a longer interinfusion interval, whereas the total doses were similar for the two groups (24.5-27.0 mg/kg/2.5 h). Cocaine decayed biexponentially. Both the values of clearance and terminal elimination rate constant for the self-administration paradigm were significantly greater than those after the bolus cocaine dosing series (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, separated by 3 days). The regularity in cocaine self-administration produced relatively stable serum cocaine concentrations that oscillated between maximum (C max ) and minimum (C min ) values regardless of dose size and interinfusion interval. Although the C max for the 1-mg/kg unit dose (1.47 g/ml) was significantly higher than that for the 0.5-mg/kg dose (0.82 g/ml), the C min values between the groups approximated each other (0.28, and 0.34 g/ml, respectively). Hence, the C min is the determinant of the initiation of the next drug-taking behavior.Intravenous cocaine self-administration was first demonstrated in rats in 1968 (Pickens andThompson, 1968). In that study, rats implanted with i.v. cannulas were placed in operant chambers where each lever-press response (i.e., fixed ratio 1 schedule) produced an infusion of a fixed dose of cocaine (e.g., 1 mg/kg/infusion). The resulting self-infusion behavior was viewed as an example of operant conditioning, in which the drug infusion served as a reinforcer for responses leading to its presentation. The results indicated that the number of infusions varied inversely in an almost linear manner with the size of the unit dose. That is, as the unit dose was increased, the number of infusions decreased and the interinfusion interval increased. As a result, the total self-administered drug dose remained relatively similar across different unit doses. The inverse relationship between the frequency of drug self-administration and unit dose also has been shown in studies of cocaine and other drugs of abuse (e.g., morphine, amphetamine) by using various schedules of reinforcement in mice (David et al., 2001), rats (Carroll et al., 1981;Caine et al., 1999), monkeys (Goldberg et al., 1971;Wilson et al., 19...

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Smoked cocaine self-administration in females

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of pergolide on intravenous cocaine self-administration in men and women

Effects of pergolide on intravenous cocaine self-administration in men and women

Effects of Smoking Successive Low- and High-Nicotine Cigarettes on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Hormones and Mood in Men

The Pharmacokinetic Determinants of the Frequency and Pattern of Intravenous Cocaine Self-administration in Rats by Pharmacokinetic Modeling

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