Smokefree Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Making Progress

Sebrié, Ernesto M; Schoj, Verónica; Travers, Mark J.; McGaw, Barbara; Glantz, Stanton A.

doi:10.3390/ijerph9051954

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Higher male smoking rates in Central Asian countries may have been due to economic transition of the former Soviet Union, privatization of tobacco industries and cultural acceptance of male smoking, which has a long history of being a leisure time activity in the former Soviet Union [ 28 ]. In our study, male and female smoking rates for Latin American and Caribbean countries were lower than the WHO estimates (1989 to 1992)[ 29 ] probably attributable to the impact of smoke-free policies implemented in all Latin American and the Caribbean countries [ 30 ]. In a four-country survey (2001–2004), prevalence of current smoking defined as having smoked any number of cigarettes in the last 30 days among Honduran men was 29.8%[ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Prevalence and Social Determinants of Smoking in 15 Countries from North Africa, Central and Western Asia, Latin America and Caribbean: Secondary Data Analyses of Demographic and Health Surveys

Sreeramareddy

Pradhan

2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundArticle 20 of the World Health Organisation Framework Convention on Tobacco Control calls for a cross-country surveillance of tobacco use through population-based surveys. We aimed to provide country-level prevalence estimates for current smoking and current smokeless tobacco use and to assess social determinants of smoking.MethodsData from Demographic and Health Surveys done between 2005 and 2012, among men and women from nine North African, Central and West Asian countries and six Latin American and Caribbean countries were analyzed. Weighted country-level prevalence rates were estimated for ‘current smoking’ and ‘current use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products’ among men and women. In each country, social determinants of smoking among men and women were assessed by binary logistic regression analyses by including men's and women's sampling weights to account for the complex survey design.FindingsPrevalence of smoking among men was higher than 40% in Armenia (63.1%), Moldova (51.1%), Ukraine (52%), Azerbaijan (49.8 %), Kyrgyz Republic (44.3 %) and Albania (42.52%) but the prevalence of smoking among women was less than 10% in most countries except Ukraine (14.81%) and Jordan (17.96%). The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among men and women was less than 5% in all countries except among men in the Kyrgyz Republic (10.6 %). Smoking was associated with older age, lower education and poverty among men and higher education and higher wealth among women. Smoking among both men and women was associated with unskilled work, living in urban areas and being single.ConclusionSmoking among men was very high in Central and West Asian countries. Social pattern of smoking among women that was different from men in education and wealth should be considered while formulating tobacco control policies in some Central and West Asian countries.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Prevalence and Social Determinants of Smoking in 15 Countries from North Africa, Central and Western Asia, Latin America and Caribbean: Secondary Data Analyses of Demographic and Health Surveys

Sreeramareddy

Pradhan

2015

PLoS ONE

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“…Uruguay, the first Latin American country to implement a comprehensive smokefree national law as part of its nationwide tobacco control campaign, has banned smoking in indoor public places and workplaces since March 2006. 2 Hospitalizations for myocardial infarction decreased after Uruguay’s smokefree law, 3,4 consistent with other countries. 5 Adult smoking prevalence in Uruguay was 29.7% in men and 19.1% in women in 2011.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effect of Uruguay’s National 100% Smokefree Law on Emergency Visits for Bronchospasm

Kalkhoran¹,

Sebrié²,

Sandoya³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction Implementation of smokefree laws is followed by drops in hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and asthma. The impact of smokefree laws on use of non-hospital medical services has not been assessed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of Uruguay’s national 100% smokefree legislation on non-hospital emergency care visits and hospitalizations for bronchospasm and bronchodilator use. Methods The monthly number of non-hospital emergency care visits and hospitalizations for bronchospasm, as well as monthly puffs of bronchodilators (total and per person), from 3 years prior to the adoption of the 100% smokefree policy on March 1, 2006 through 5 years after the policy were assessed using interrupted time series negative binomial regression. Data analysis was conducted in 2014. Results The incidence of non-hospital emergency visits for bronchospasm decreased by 15% (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=0.85, 95% CI=0.76, 0.94) following implementation of the law. Hospitalizations for bronchospasm did not change significantly (IRR=0.89, 95% CI=0.66, 1.21). Total monthly puffs of salbutamol and ipratropium administered in the non-hospital emergency setting decreased by 224 (95% CI= −372, −76) and 179 (95% CI= −340, −18.6), respectively, from means of 1,222 and 1,007 before the law. Conclusions Uruguay’s 100% smokefree law was followed by fewer emergency visits for bronchospasm and less need for treatment, supporting adoption of such policies in low- and middle-income countries to reduce the disease burden and healthcare costs associated with smoking.

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“…37 Ever since the adoption of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ten years ago, substantial progress has been made in global tobacco control and particularly in the Latin American Region, promoting legislation for smoke-free public places and workplaces, tobacco taxation and restrictions in advertising, as the most commonly established measure at the highest level of achievement. 38,39 Although changes in public policy seem to be encouraging and many countries in Latin America have ratified this convention, 38 there is still a considerably high prevalence of smokers in Latin America, higher in Mexico and South America than in the Central American and Caribbean sub regions. Mexico had one of the highest smoking rates in the region but is one of the 4 countries in the world that has achieved more than 50% reduction in smoking prevalence in the world over the past three decades.…”

Section: Tobacco Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and Heterogeneity of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors Across Latin American and Caribbean Countries

Rivera-Andrade¹,

Luna²

2014

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

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Smokefree Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Making Progress

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence and Social Determinants of Smoking in 15 Countries from North Africa, Central and Western Asia, Latin America and Caribbean: Secondary Data Analyses of Demographic and Health Surveys

Prevalence and Social Determinants of Smoking in 15 Countries from North Africa, Central and Western Asia, Latin America and Caribbean: Secondary Data Analyses of Demographic and Health Surveys

Effect of Uruguay’s National 100% Smokefree Law on Emergency Visits for Bronchospasm

Trends and Heterogeneity of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors Across Latin American and Caribbean Countries

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