Smokeless Tobacco Use and Periodontal Health in a Rural Male Population

Abstract

Background-Despite the reported effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium and high prevalence of ST use in rural populations and in men, studies on this specific topic are limited. The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation is to evaluate the periodontal health status of male ST users from a rural population.

Clinical and radiographic peri‐implant parameters and proinflammatory cytokine levels among cigarette smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and nontobacco users

“…It is well-documented that clinical periodontal parameters among CS and STU have increased percentage of deep probing depths, a higher clinical attachment loss, and increased alveolar bone loss compared with NTU 16,17 ; however, to our information from the literature, the present study is the first study to compare clinical and radiographic parameters around dental implants and proinflammatory cytokine levels among CS (Group-1), STU (Group-2), and NTU (Group-3). The purpose of the present study is supported on the hypothesis that periimplant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters are worse in CS and STU compared with nontobacco users.…”

Comparison of periodontal destruction patterns among patients with and without the habit of smokeless tobacco use – a retrospective study

“…These differences for the various parameters of gingival REC were significant for all regions except for sites with REC of ≥ 5 mm in maxillary, premolar and molar sites. Whilst earlier studies showed that ST use was associated with increased gingival REC mainly at the site of tobacco placement , the findings of the present study showed that ST use may be associated with a generalized increase in gingival REC and that the habit can result in an increased prevalence, extent and severity of REC that may not be as localized as previously considered. Monten et al .…”

Prevalence of daily flossing among adults by selected risk factors for periodontal disease—United States, 2011–2014

“…Tobacco use is considered a modifiable risk factor, and diabetes is a systemic risk factor . Tobacco use in the form of cigarette, cigar, or pipe smoking, as well as smokeless tobacco use, causes gum recession and bone loss . Diabetes impacts blood vessels and inflammatory processes that increase the risk for periodontal disease, especially when diabetes is not well‐controlled …”