Smoking Among Asian Americans

Li, Shijian; Kwon, Simona C.; Weerasinghe, Isha; Rey, Mariano; Trinh‐Shevrin, Chau

doi:10.1177/1524839913485757

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Smoking prevalence (7.4%) was similar to overall smoking rates among older respondents in NYC (8.2%) (New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2012); however, 14.8% of men and 1.3% of women were current smokers, and 33.8% of men and 3.8% of women were former smokers, similar to previous studies (Li, Kwon, Weerasinghe, Rey, & Trinh-Shevrin, 2013; Maxwell, Bernaards, & McCarthy, 2005; Yu, Chen, Kim, & Abdulrahim, 2002). As shown previously, lower educational attainment is associated with current smoking among men (Parikh et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Behaviors in a Population-Based Sample of Older, Foreign-Born, Chinese American Adults Living in New York City

et al. 2014

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Although the New York City (NYC) Chinese population aged ≥65 increased by 50% between 2000 and 2010, the health needs of this population are poorly understood. Approximately 3,001 Chinese individuals from high density Asian American NYC areas were included in the REACH U.S. Risk Factor Survey; 805 (26.8%) were aged ≥65 and foreign-born. Four health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and three behavioral risk factor outcome variables were examined. Descriptive statistics were conducted by gender, and logistic regression models assessed socio-demographic and health factors associated with each outcome. Few women were current smokers (1.3% vs. 14.8% of men), 19% of respondents ate fruits and vegetables ≥5 times daily, and one third of individuals received sufficient weekly physical activity. Days of poor health were similar to the national population aged ≥65, while self-reported fair or poor health was much greater among our Chinese sample; over 60% of respondents rated their health as fair or poor. Lower education and lower obesity were significantly associated with cigarette smoking among men, and older age was significantly associated with insufficient physical activity overall. Female gender was significantly associated with all poor health days; older age was significantly associated with poor days of physical health, and lower income was significantly associated with poor days of physical health and fair or poor self-reported health. This study provides important health-related information on a rapidly growing older population and highlights future research areas to inform culturally-appropriate health promotion and disease prevention strategies and policies within community-based settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Behaviors in a Population-Based Sample of Older, Foreign-Born, Chinese American Adults Living in New York City

et al. 2014

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“…(See Table 1. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] ) All papers were reviewed by one author (CG) and by one or more of the other authors, with coding disagreements resolved through discussion. Papers were reviewed against the STROBE Statement 22-item checklist for cross-sectional studies 33 to ensure they were adequately reported.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five of the eight studies that used some aspect of language use or proficiency as an indicator of acculturation found a relationship 19,21,23,27,32 and three did not, 25,26,28 such that more use of English language was linked with less smoking for men 19,22,24,28,30,32 Both studies that distinguished between foreign-and North American-born found a relationship with smoking behaviour, 19,27 such that men born in China smoked more 27 and women born in China smoked less. 19,27 Of the studies that used multidimensional acculturation scales, 20,29,31,32 two studies, both in adolescents, did not find a relationship between scale scores and acculturation. 20,31 Among adults, one study found that the acculturation scale was associated with smoking for females, with more smoking among more acculturated women, but in men, the only significant factor that predicted smoking was earlier age at immigration.…”

Section: Smoking Prevalencementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Two studies did not provide Chinese-specific data and are not included here. 19,27 Two studies found an inverse relationship between education and smoking rates for men, 24,28 and one also found a positive relationship between education and smoking for women. 24 Four other studies, however, failed to find any significant association between education and smoking behaviour.…”

Section: Other Correlates Of Smoking Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acculturation and smoking in North Americans of Chinese ancestry: A systematic review

Gotay

Reid

Dawson

et al. 2015

Can J Public Health

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were extracted from Canadian and American studies for population characteristics, study design, measures of smoking and acculturation, and findings regarding smoking rates and associations between smoking and acculturation. SYNTHESIS:The literature search identified 147 articles, and 14 met inclusion criteria. Three studies were based on Canadian samples and the remaining 11 were from the United States. Of the 14 papers, 3 reported findings for youth and 11 for adults. Among adults, daily smoking rates were consistently much higher in men than women; for men, rates varied from 9% to 30%. Language use and time in North America were the most common indicators of acculturation. Almost all studies found a relationship between acculturation and smoking, such that more acculturated men smoke less and more acculturated women smoke more. CONCLUSION:The findings suggest that the association between acculturation and smoking is gender-specific. This correlation is found in youth and adults and in both Canada and the US. Increased acculturation has a protective effect on smoking for Chinese North American men, but a harmful effect for women. Tobacco control interventions need to develop targeted strategies appropriate to these different populations. Smoking rates vary markedly internationally. For women, rates range from 1% (in Saudi Arabia) to 50% (in Nauru), and for men, rates go from a low of 8% (in Ethiopia) to 71% (in Kiribati). Rates in North America are intermediate, with 17% and 25% of women and 24% and 33% of men smoking in Canada and the United States respectively. 4 Individuals who emigrate from other parts of the world to North America often face many challenges in adjusting to their new homes, including differences in modal behaviours such as the prevalence of smoking. Immigrants from China comprise an interesting subgroup, since they are the largest group of immigrants to Canada (making up almost 13% of new Canadians) 5 and one of the largest groups in the US, accounting for 4.2% of new immigrants (after individuals from Mexico, India and the Philippines). 6 Smoking rates in China are 2% for women and 51% for men, both greatly different from North American rates. 4This paper reviews published literature on smoking rates in North Americans of Chinese origin, with an emphasis on understanding one of the most important factors affecting smoking in these individuals. Specifically, we focus on acculturation, which has been defined as "a complex, multidimensional process by which foreign born individuals adopt the values, customs, norms, attitudes, and behaviors of the mainstream culture".7 Acculturation plays a crucial role in many health behaviours, including smoking, diet and exercise.

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“…3 Lower acculturation and limited English proficiency (LEP), the latter defined by self-rated spoken English proficiency as less than well, 4 are associated with higher smoking and lower quit rates. 5,6 While the current smoking prevalence rate among non-Hispanic white males is 21%, 7 recent immigrant or LEP Chinese and Vietnamese men have disproportionately high rates, ranging from 22% to 34% for Chinese men [8][9][10][11] and 25% to 37% for Vietnamese men. [12][13][14] Among LEP immigrants, Vietnamese men (43%) and Chinese men (32%) had the highest and the second highest smoking prevalence rates, respectively, among all Asian subgroups in California.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Social Network Family-Focused Intervention to Promote Smoking Cessation in Chinese and Vietnamese American Male Smokers: A Feasibility Study

Tsoh

Burke

Gildengorin

et al. 2015

NICTOB

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Introduction: Smoking prevalence is high among limited English-proficient Chinese and Vietnamese American men, who are frequently unmotivated to quit and who underutilize smoking cessation resources. This study applied lay health worker outreach to leverage peer and family networks to promote smoking cessation among these men. Methods: We integrated qualitative formative research findings and Social Network Theory to develop a social-network family-focused intervention. In a pilot single-group trial, 15 lay health workers recruited 96 dyads (N = 192, 75% Vietnamese) of Chinese or Vietnamese male daily smokers and their family members and delivered the intervention consisting of two small group education sessions and two individual telephone calls over 2 months. Results: At baseline, 42% of smokers were at precontemplation. At 3 months following the initiation of the intervention, 7-day and 30-day point prevalence smoking abstinence rates as reported by smokers and independently corroborated by family members were 30% and 24%, respectively. Utilization of smoking cessation resources (medication, quitline, physician's advice) increased from 2% to 60% (P < .001). Findings showed high acceptability of the intervention as it facilitated learning about tobacco-related health risks and cessation resources, and communications between smokers and their families. Conclusions: This novel social network family-focused intervention to promote smoking cessation among Chinese and Vietnamese smokers appears to be acceptable, feasible, and potentially efficacious. Findings warrant evaluation of long-term efficacy of the intervention in a larger scale randomized controlled trial.

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Smoking Among Asian Americans

Cited by 62 publications

References 30 publications

Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Behaviors in a Population-Based Sample of Older, Foreign-Born, Chinese American Adults Living in New York City

Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Behaviors in a Population-Based Sample of Older, Foreign-Born, Chinese American Adults Living in New York City

Acculturation and smoking in North Americans of Chinese ancestry: A systematic review

A Social Network Family-Focused Intervention to Promote Smoking Cessation in Chinese and Vietnamese American Male Smokers: A Feasibility Study

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