Smoking among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals: a review of the literature

Ryan, Heather; Wortley, Pascale M.; Easton, Alyssa; Pederson, Linda L.; Greenwood, Greg

doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00331-2

Cited by 164 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The data on health-linked behaviors are largely consistent with previous literature on consumption of alcohol, nicotine, and drugs in showing greater intakes of all three substances in men than in women, and greater intakes of nicotine and drugs in non-heterosexuals than in heterosexuals (e.g., Ryan, Wortley, Easton, Pederson, & Greenwood, 2001), although we did not find higher alcohol intake in non-heterosexual women compared with heterosexual women, contrary to some studies (Cochran, Keenan, Schober, & Mays, 2000;Drabble, Midanik, & Trocki, 2005). Interestingly, if rate of cognitive decline is associated with such health-linked behaviors, then one might expect homosexual and bisexual members of both genders to show male-typical rates of cognitive decline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Gender and Sexual Orientation Differences in Cognition Across Adulthood: Age Is Kinder to Women than to Men Regardless of Sexual Orientation

et al. 2007

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Despite some evidence of greater age-related deterioration of the brain in males than in females, gender differences in rates of cognitive aging have proved inconsistent. The present study employed web-based methodology to collect data from people aged 20-65 years (109,612 men; 88,509 women). As expected, men outperformed women on tests of mental rotation and line angle judgment, whereas women outperformed men on tests of category fluency and object location memory. Performance on all tests declined with age but significantly more so for men than for women. Heterosexuals of each gender generally outperformed bisexuals and homosexuals on tests where that gender was superior; however, there were no clear interactions between age and sexual orientation for either gender. At least for these particular tests from young adulthood to retirement, age is kinder to women than to men, but treats heterosexuals, bisexuals, and homosexuals just the same.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Gender and Sexual Orientation Differences in Cognition Across Adulthood: Age Is Kinder to Women than to Men Regardless of Sexual Orientation

et al. 2007

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“…Although previous research has indicated more smoking among MSM than among heterosexual men (Ryan et al, 2001), we found the opposite in a bivariate comparison but no association between sexual orientation and smoking after controlling for other factors. The MSM in this HIV-positive sample had a different socioeconomic profile from that of the heterosexual men: They were younger, better educated, had higher incomes, and were less likely to have used injection drugs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, HIVpositive smokers reported that nearly half of the people in their social networks were smokers (Humfleet et al, 2009). Men who have sex with men (MSM), who represent a large proportion of the HIV-infected population, smoke more than heterosexual men, and smoking is inherent in some aspects of gay social life (Ryan, Wortley, Easton, Pederson, & Greenwood, 2001). …”

Section: Original Investigation Present and Past Influences On Currenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Past Influences on Current Smoking Among HIV-Positive Male Veterans

Reisen¹,

Bianchi²,

Cohen-Blair³

et al. 2011

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…Previous research suggests that the prevalence of smoking among men who have sex with men is higher than the general population of men (31% to 50% vs. 24%; Greenwood et al, 2005;Ryan et al, 2001;Stall et al, 1999); thus, we also considered this as a demographic correlate. …”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking among HIV+ Men and Women: Examining Health, Substance Use, and Psychosocial Correlates across the Smoking Spectrum

et al. 2007

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The prevalence of cigarette smoking among HIV+ individuals is greater than that found in the general population. However, factors related to smoking within this population are not well understood. This study examined the associations between smoking and demographic, medical, substance use, and psychosocial factors in a clinic-based sample of HIV+ men and women. Two hundred twelve participants completed self-report measures of tobacco use, HIV-related symptoms, viral load, CD4, alcohol and illicit drug use, depression, and social support. Multinomial logistic regression analyses modeled the independent associations of the cross-sectional set of predictors with smoking status. Results indicated that 74% of the sample smoked at least one cigarette per day; using standard definitions, 23% of the sample were light smokers, 22% were moderate smokers, and 29% smoked heavily. Smoking was associated with more HIV-related symptoms, greater alcohol and marijuana use, and less social support. Light smoking was related to minority race/ethnicity and less income; moderate smoking was associated with less education; and heavy smoking was related to less education and younger age. Viral load, CD4 count, and depression were not associated with smoking status. Psychosocial interventions targeting this population should consider the relationships between biopsychosocial factors and smoking behavior. High Smoking Prevalence among HIV+ Men and Women: Examining Health, Substance Use, and Psychosocial Correlates across the Smoking SpectrumSmoking is highly prevalent among persons living with HIV and may contribute to premature morbidity and mortality. Among HIV+ individuals, prevalence rates of smoking range from 50% to 70% (Burkhalter et al., 2005;Miguez-Burbano et al., 2005;Niaura et al., 2000) compared to 21% for the general population (CDC, 2005). Smoking is strongly associated with two of the primary causes of illness and death in HIV+ patients: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (formerly known as Pneumocystis ciroveci; Arcavi & Benowitz, 2004;Miguez-Burbano et al., 2005). HIV+ smokers are also at increased risk for oral lesions (Palacio et al., 1997) Beck & Slade, 1996), and AIDS-related spontaneous pneumothorax (Metersky et al., 1995).Young smokers infected with HIV may be particularly vulnerable to malignant tumors, such as lung cancer (Patel et al., 2006;Spano et al., 2004). Moreover, smoking by HIV+ patients may facilitate the progression to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Neiman et al., 1993).Evidence also suggests that smoking has adverse effects on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of HIV+ men and women. Vidrine et al. (2006) tested a framework for HRQL of life among HIV+ individuals. They found that HRQL is influenced by relationships among physical symptoms, and cognitive, psychological, and social functioning (Brenner et al., 1995;Wilson & Cleary, 1995). They also found that smoking, alcohol use, and SES impair overall HRQL. Other work has also found rel...

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Smoking among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals: a review of the literature

Cited by 164 publications

References 24 publications

Gender and Sexual Orientation Differences in Cognition Across Adulthood: Age Is Kinder to Women than to Men Regardless of Sexual Orientation

Gender and Sexual Orientation Differences in Cognition Across Adulthood: Age Is Kinder to Women than to Men Regardless of Sexual Orientation

Present and Past Influences on Current Smoking Among HIV-Positive Male Veterans

Cigarette Smoking among HIV+ Men and Women: Examining Health, Substance Use, and Psychosocial Correlates across the Smoking Spectrum

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