Smoking and alcohol drinking in relation to the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A population-based case-control study in China

Abstract

Previous results regarding the associations between esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk and smoking/alcohol drinking in high-risk areas are inconsistent. We performed a large population-based case-control study from 2010 to 2013 in a high-incidence area of China, and enrolled 1353 ESCC cases and 1961 controls. Data regarding smoking and alcohol drinking were collected via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models. After adjusting for alcohol drinking and other potential confounders, male heavy smokers (i.e., those who started smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day or 40 pack-years, or started smoking early), showed a moderately increased risk for ESCC; however, current smoking was not associated with an increased risk. Alcohol drinking among males significantly increased the risk for ESCC (OR = 2.20, 95%CI:1.79~2.70). We observed increasing excess ESCC risks with decreasing age at behavior initiation as well as with increasing duration and intensity of alcohol intake, which were particularly evident among current smokers. In contrast, neither smoking nor alcohol drinking was not associated with ESCC risk among females. In conclusion, alcohol drinking shows a monotonic dose-response relationship with ESCC risk among men, and this relationship is particularly evident among smokers.

Alcohol Intake Interacts with Functional Genetic Polymorphisms of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH2) and Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) to Increase Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer Risk

“…The study design has been described in earlier studies. [9][10][11] We attempted to enroll all individuals with incident esophageal cancer (i.e., patients with esophageal cancer that was newly diagnosed between October 2010 and September 2013). Inclusion in the study participation was limited to individuals who were 40 to 85 years old and had lived in Taixing for at least 5 years, so as to ensure enough of a time window for exposure to take effect and to exclude new migrants whose genetic background might be different from that of the original Taixing population.…”

Oesophageal Cancer Magnitude and Presentation in Ethiopia

“…There is no final consensus on the list of risk factors for oesophageal cancer, but in many studies smoking and alcohol drinking showed a strong association with squamous cell carcinoma [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Adult height, body mass index change, and body shape change in relation to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk: A population‐based case‐control study in China

“…Details of the research design and the selection flow of participants have previously been described . In short, we performed a case‐control study in Taixing, China, in which 40‐85 year‐old participants who had lived in Taixing for at least 5 years were recruited.…”

“…Details of the research design and the selection flow of participants have previously been described. 23,24 In short, we performed a case-control study in Taixing, China, in which 40-85 year-old participants who had lived in Taixing for at least 5 years were recruited. We attempted to enroll all newly diagnosed esophageal cancer cases from October 2010 to September 2013 from four of the largest local hospitals (covering almost 90% of local clinical diagnoses).…”