Smoking and COVID-19: current evidence from Italy and the world

Gallus, Silvano

doi:10.53127/tblg-2021-a014

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Among COVID-19 patients, current smokers are on average younger than former smokers. For example, in an Italian multicentric study based on 1406 COVID-19 patients, the mean age of current smokers was 57.7 years, that of never-smokers was 63.8 years and that of former smokers was 66.9 years, respectively [ 36 , 37 ]. Considering crude risk estimates – not adjusted, among other covariates, by age – could provide highly misleading results on the association between smoking status and COVID-19 mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of smoking in COVID-19 progression: a comprehensive meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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The association between current smoking and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression remains uncertain. We aim to provide up-to-date evidence of the role of cigarette smoking in COVID-19 hospitalisation, severity and mortality. On 23 February 2022 we conducted an umbrella review and a traditional systematic reviewviaPubMed/Medline and Web of Science. We used random-effects meta-analyses to derive pooled odds ratios of COVID-19 outcomes for smokers in cohorts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infected individuals or COVID-19 patients. We followed the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines. PROSPERO: CRD42020207003. 320 publications were included. The pooled odds ratio for currentversusnever or nonsmokers was 1.08 (95% CI 0.98–1.19; 37 studies) for hospitalisation, 1.34 (95% CI 1.22–1.48; 124 studies) for severity and 1.32 (95% CI 1.20–1.45; 119 studies) for mortality. Estimates for formerversusnever-smokers were 1.16 (95% CI 1.03–1.31; 22 studies), 1.41 (95% CI: 1.25–1.59; 44 studies) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.31–1.62; 44 studies), respectively. Estimates for ever-versusnever-smokers were 1.16 (95% CI 1.05–1.27; 33 studies), 1.44 (95% CI 1.31–1.58; 110 studies) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.29–1.50; 109 studies), respectively. We found a 30–50% excess risk of COVID-19 progression for current and former smokers compared with never-smokers. Preventing serious COVID-19 outcomes, including death, seems the newest compelling argument against smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of smoking in COVID-19 progression: a comprehensive meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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“… 7 , 10 The meta-analysis by Simons and colleagues reported a significant relative risk (RR) for ex- versus never smokers (RR 1.39; 95% credible interval, 1.09–1.87), while it found a non-significant association for current versus never smokers (RR 1.22; 95% credible interval, 0.78–1.94). 7 Such discrepancy can be explained by the fact that current smokers among COVID-19 patients are much younger than never and particularly former smokers 23 and age is by far the strongest risk factor for COVID-19 severity and, particularly, mortality. 24 For example, in our population mean age was 58.3 years among current smokers, 66.6 years among ex-smokers, and 63.3 years among never smokers ( eTable 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Tobacco Smoking, Second-hand Smoke, and Novel Tobacco Products With COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Italy: Results From the COSMO-IT Study

Gallus

Bosetti

Gorini³

et al. 2023

Journal of Epidemiology

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COVID-19 severity in relation to sociodemographics and vitamin D use

et al. 2021

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Most COVID-19 cases are treated as outpatients, while the majority of studies on COVID-19 focus on inpatients. Little is known about the self-reporting and self-rating of the disease’s symptoms, and the associations of prophylactic use of dietary supplements with COVID-19 severity have not been addressed. The aims of this study are to evaluate COVID-19 severity and to relate them to sociodemographic characteristics and prophylactic dietary supplements. An observational patient-based study conducted through an online questionnaire on recovered COVID-19 patients. The patients were assessed for several severity parameters, sociodemographic parameters, and prophylactic dietary supplement use. A total of 428 patients were evaluated. Age and presence of comorbidities had positive associations with the severity parameters. The severe infection group had the highest proportion of patients stressed about COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Cigarette, but not hookah, smoking was significantly associated with less severe symptoms. Vitamin D negatively predicted disease severity (P < 0.05). In conclusion, stress, age, and presence of comorbidities were the most important positive predictors of COVID-19 severity, while prophylactic vitamin D use and smoking were significant negative predictors. The use of protective measures and other prophylactic dietary supplements was not significantly associated with symptom severity.

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Smoking and COVID-19: current evidence from Italy and the world

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

The role of smoking in COVID-19 progression: a comprehensive meta-analysis

The role of smoking in COVID-19 progression: a comprehensive meta-analysis

The Association of Tobacco Smoking, Second-hand Smoke, and Novel Tobacco Products With COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Italy: Results From the COSMO-IT Study

COVID-19 severity in relation to sociodemographics and vitamin D use

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