Smoking and Diabetes: Sex and Gender Aspects and Their Effect on Vascular Diseases

Tramunt, Blandine; Rouland, Alexia; Durlach, V.; Vergès, Bruno; Thomas, Daniel; Berlin, Ivan; Clair, Carole

doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2023.01.018

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…However, in women, smoking was strongly associated with lower TBI. This phenomenon in diabetic population was already described [39,40] but our ndings further indicate that this effect is enhanced in T1D women and affects their smaller vessels. More detailed description of the impact of sex on other associations is presented below.…”

Section: Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Vascular Parameterssupporting

confidence: 86%

Determinants of Vascular Impairment in Type 1 Diabetes; Impact of Sex and Connexin 37 Gene Polymorphism, Cross-sectional study.

Pithova,

Cichrova,

Kvapil

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Predictors of cardiovascular complications are well established in type 2 diabetes but not in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We analyzed the association between traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors and macro- and microvascular parameters in T1D patients and modification of these associations by sex and genetic factors. Methods In a cross-sectional study we analyzed in T1D patients younger than 65 years the association of wide range of cardiovascular risk factors with vascular parameters represented by ankle brachial index (ABI), toe brachial index (TBI), by duplex ultrasound measured presence of plaques in carotid and femoral arteries (Belcaro score) and intima media thickness of carotid arteries (CIMT), by photoplethysmography measured interbranch index expressed as Oliva/Roztocil index (ORI), and renal parameters represented by urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) and cystatin C filtration rate. We evaluated these associations by multivariate regression analysis including interactions with sex and gene for connexin 37 (cx37) polymorphism (rs1764391). Results In 235 men and 227 women (mean age 43.6 ± 13.6 years; mean duration of diabetes 22.1 ± 11.3 years) pulse pressure was the strongest predictor of unfavorable values of most of vascular parameters under study (ABI, TBI, Belcaro scores, uACR and ORI) while plasma lipids represented by remnant cholesterol (cholesterol – LDL-HDL cholesterol), atherogenic index of plasma (log (triglycerides/HDL cholesterol) and Lp(a) were associated mainly with renal impairment (uACR, cystatin C clearance and lipoprotein (a)). Plasma non-HDL cholesterol (total – HDL cholesterol) was not associated with any vascular parameter under study. In contrast to the pulse pressure, the associations of lipid parameters with renal and vascular parameters were modified by sex and cx37 gene. Conclusion Pulse pressure was the strongest determinant for macro- and microvascular parameters in T1D and was not influenced by sex and genetic factors while lipid parameters were associated mostly with renal impairment and were modified by sex and genetic factors.

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Section: Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Vascular Parameterssupporting

confidence: 86%

Determinants of Vascular Impairment in Type 1 Diabetes; Impact of Sex and Connexin 37 Gene Polymorphism, Cross-sectional study.

Pithova,

Cichrova,

Kvapil

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…This particular finding is very alarming, as it leads to excess mortality in females owing to the higher rate of CHD. Higher blood pressure and plasma lipid levels in female patients than in male patients with DM, probably due to female body mass, hormones, such as estrogens, which affect the metabolism of nicotine, and secondhand smoke, are the most significant reasons for female vulnerability [7] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD): Contemporary insights into treatment strategies

Anagnosti,

Darahani,

Bilali

et al. 2023

Appl. Psychol. Res.

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Smoking is a powerful risk factor for coronary heart disease, responsible for numerous deaths each year. This qualitative literature review provides contemporary knowledge regarding the relationship between CHD and smoking as well as an evaluation of current treatment approaches. An electronic search was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct to examine and assess academic material during the last 5 years. The results indicate that smoking is connected with CHD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in the female population. Also, there is an association with alcohol, body weight, and smokeless tobacco. Gender is also a crucial factor in the frequency of smoking, as heavy smokers need more time to lower the danger of CHD in comparison to current smokers. Modern treatment strategies place a lot of focus on pharmacotherapy and holistic treatments.

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“…This is not in accordance with the research concucted previously which states that smoking is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 15 In addition, several meta-analysis studies in the same research stated that there is an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus by 40% in smokers. 15 Smoking is a risk factor that can be changed in diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: The Correlation Of Medication Adherence In Patients With Typ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 In addition, several meta-analysis studies in the same research stated that there is an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus by 40% in smokers. 15 Smoking is a risk factor that can be changed in diabetes mellitus. Cigarettes and other tobacco products contain several addictive chemicals that impact metabolic health.…”

Section: The Correlation Of Medication Adherence In Patients With Typ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation Of Medication Adherence In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And The Incident Of Hypertension In Primary Health Care Setting

Boy,

Hasibuan,

Hanifah

et al. 2023

IJHMR

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The global incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has continued to increase over the past three decades and is expected to triple by 2030.1 Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2021, 1.28 billion adults worldwide have hypertension.4 In relation to type 2 DM therapy, patient non-compliance in undergoing treatment can cause failure to control blood sugar levels and can cause cardiovascular complications.5 Objective: To determine the relationship between adherence to medication consumption in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the incidence of hypertension. Methods: This study used an analytical descriptive method with cross sectional design. Sampling used consecutive sampling techniques with the sample size obtained using the Slovin formula, where the population was 447, resulting in a total sample of 218 respondents who made the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary data was obtained from the Medication Adherence Rating Scale-10 (MARS-10) questionnaire which was filled in by the respondent and the respondent’s blood pressure was checked by automatic sphygmomanometer Kenz AC-05P. Data was analyzed using SPSS-25 software with the chi- square test. Results: From 218 respondents, 80 respondents were non-adherent in taking medication and suffered from hypertension (90.9%) and 8 respondents were non-adherent in taking medication and did not suffer from hypertension (9.1%). There were 29 respondents who adhered to taking medication and suffered from hypertension (22.3%) and 101 respondents who adhered to taking medication and did not suffer from hypertension (77.7%). These results obtained a p-value of 0.000 <0.05, which means there is a relationship between adherence to drug consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the incidence of hypertension. Conclusion: There is a relationship between adherence to drug consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of hypertension at Puskesmas Sentosa Baru and Puskesmas Sering in Medan City.

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Smoking and Diabetes: Sex and Gender Aspects and Their Effect on Vascular Diseases

Cited by 9 publications

References 96 publications

Determinants of Vascular Impairment in Type 1 Diabetes; Impact of Sex and Connexin 37 Gene Polymorphism, Cross-sectional study.

Determinants of Vascular Impairment in Type 1 Diabetes; Impact of Sex and Connexin 37 Gene Polymorphism, Cross-sectional study.

Smoking as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD): Contemporary insights into treatment strategies

The Correlation Of Medication Adherence In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And The Incident Of Hypertension In Primary Health Care Setting

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