Smoking and human papillomavirus infection: pooled analysis of the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV Prevalence Surveys

Vaccarella, Salvatore; Herrero, Rolando; Snijders, Peter J.F.; Dai, Min; Thomas, J; Hieu, Nguyen Trong; Ferreccio, Catterina; Matos, Elena; Posso, Héctor; Sanjosé, Sílvia de; Shin, Hai‐Rim; Sukvirach, Sukhon; Lazcano‐Ponce, Eduardo; Muñóz, Núbia; Meijer, Chris J.L.M.; Franceschi, Silvia

doi:10.1093/ije/dyn033

Cited by 172 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As expected, the strongest risk factors for HPV positivity were confirmed, as elsewhere [28], to be the sexual behavior of women and their husbands. Nevertheless, both the percentage of women who reported two sexual partners or more in their lifetime (9.9%) and the prevalence of husband's extramarital sexual relationships (32.1%) were relatively low compared to similar surveys in other geographical areas (ranges: 6-64 and 12-100%, respectively) [16-19, 28, 29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Human papillomavirus infection in women with and without cervical cancer in Nepal

Sherpa

Clifford

Vaccarella

et al. 2009

Cancer Causes Control

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Objectives Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy among Nepalese women. Rational prevention measures are informed by epidemiological data on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence. Methods Cervical specimens were obtained from 932 married women aged 15-59 years from the general population of Bharatpur, Nepal, as well as from 61 locally diagnosed invasive cervical cancers (ICC). HPV was detected using a GP5?/6? PCR-based assay. Results Among the general population, the overall prevalence of HPV was 8.6% (6.1% for high-risk types). Prevalence of abnormal Pap smears was 3.6%, including five high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Residence in slum housing, lower education level, C3 sexual partners in a woman's lifetime, and husband's extramarital affairs were significantly associated with HPV positivity. HPV prevalence was relatively constant across all age groups. HPV16 was the most common type, both among the general population (1.9%) and among 54 women with HPVpositive ICC (68.5%). HPV18 (22.2%) and 45 (5.6%) were also common in ICC. Conclusions Nepal has an intermediate burden of HPV infection, lower than many areas in India and China. Approximately 80% of cervical cancer in Nepal is theoretically preventable by HPV16/18 vaccines. In the meantime, screen-and-treat approaches should be encouraged to overcome difficulties that were encountered to recall women with screening-positive findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Human papillomavirus infection in women with and without cervical cancer in Nepal

Sherpa

Clifford

Vaccarella

et al. 2009

Cancer Causes Control

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“…However, there was no trend with the number of pregnancies, as found in some studies (Thomas et al, 2004). We found an association between smoking and HPV prevalence as in many other (Sukvirach et al, 2003;Vaccarella et al, 2008), though not all, studies (Harris et al, 2004). The use of oral contraceptives was not associated with HPV infection in our study, but we had no details of duration of use; at present, the question of an association is unclear (Green et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Human papillomavirus infection in Beijing, People's Republic of China: a population-based study

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2009

Br J Cancer

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We interviewed and examined a representative, randomly selected sample of 5552 sexually active women aged 25 -54 years. Cervical cell samples were analysed for HPV DNA by a MY09/11-based PCR assay. RESULTS: Human papillomavirus prevalence was 6.7% overall and 4.8% among women without cervical abnormalities. Of the 21 subtypes identified, HPV16 was the commonest type (2.6% overall; 39.1% of HPV-positive women), followed by HPV 58 (1.0%), 33 (0.8%), 43 (0.7%) and 56 (0.7%). High-risk HPV types predominated in all age groups. Human papillomavirus prevalence was highest in young to middle-aged women. Marital status, number of husband's sexual partners, age at sexual debut and nulligravidity were all associated with being HPV positive.

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“…Individuals with antitoxin level >5.0 IU/ml should be controlled after 8 years. Similar guideline has been presented for re-vaccination by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [36,37]. The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended that all smokers aged 19-64 years be vaccinated with the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [38,39].…”

Section: Figure 1: Distribution Of Subjects According To Anti-tetanusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects

Jafarzadeh

Shabani

Hassanabadi

et al. 2012

JOHE

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Received: February 2013, Accepted: October 2013 Background: Cigarette smoking has been linked with the suppression of immune responses and increased susceptibility to numerous infections in humans. Tetanus is also a major public health problem in many countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of antitetanus toxin antibodies in cigarette smoking and healthy non-smoking people. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cigarette smokers and 100 age-matched healthy nonsmoker individuals were enrolled in this descriptive study. A blood sample was collected from each participant. The samples were tested for the levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies by use of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The seroprotective rate of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in non-smoking group (99%) was significantly higher than that observed in cigarette smoking group (78%, P<0.0001). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in non-smoking group (5.32± 0.26 IU/ml) was also significantly higher than that in smoker subjects (1.03 ± 0.16 IU/ml; P<0.0001). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in individuals with smoking duration >10 years was significantly lower than that among smokers with smoking duration ≤10 years (0.59 ± 0.12 IU/ml vs 1.98 ± 0.41 IU/ml; P<0.001). The seroprotection rate was also significantly lower in persons with smoking duration >10 years in comparison to smokers with smoking duration ≤10 years (72.1% vs 90.6%; P=0.037). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in individuals with daily smoking >10 cigarettes was also significantly lower in comparison to smokers with daily smoking ≤10 cigarettes (0.68 ± 0.15 IU/ml vs 1.63 ± 0.36 IU/ml; P<0.001). Conclusion: These results showed lower levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in cigarette smokers which represents cigarette smoking as a risk factor for susceptibility to tetanus. A negative association was also observed between the immunity to tetanus and smoking burden.

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Smoking and human papillomavirus infection: pooled analysis of the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV Prevalence Surveys

Cited by 172 publications

References 48 publications

Human papillomavirus infection in women with and without cervical cancer in Nepal

Human papillomavirus infection in women with and without cervical cancer in Nepal

Human papillomavirus infection in Beijing, People's Republic of China: a population-based study

Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects

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