Smoking and income distribution: Inequalities in new and old products

Carnazza, Giovanni; Liberati, Paolo; Resce, Giuliano; Molinaro, Sabrina

doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.11.012

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present study, more than half of the smokers included in the study had low-or middle-income status. These findings are comparable to studies conducted in the U.S. and China which indicate the association of poverty levels with current smokers [5,32]. Interestingly the findings of the study revealed a high prevalence of smoking among participants with a substantial educational background.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Interestingly the findings of the study revealed a high prevalence of smoking among participants with a substantial educational background. In contrast, the literature suggests that tobacco consumption is more common among populations with low literacy levels and comprising marginalized segments of society as previously discussed [32,35]. Although there are a significant number of smokeless tobacco users worldwide, cigarette smoking remains the most common route of tobacco consumption, as indicated in this study [82,83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The study recruited mostly males with females constituting only 4.5% of the total sample of smokers. Evidence suggests that males have a greater tendency to smoke tobacco [31,32,85]. Nevertheless, recent published literature suggests a change in smoking habits with higher incidence among females [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigating the socio-demographic characteristics and smoking cessation incidence among smokers accessing smoking cessation services in primary care settings of Qatar, a Historical Cohort Study

Zainel,

Al Mujalli,

Yfakhroo

et al. 2024

Discov Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Tobacco dependence is a chronic disease that often requires repeated interventions and multiple attempts to quit. Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of mortality. Globally, an estimated 1.3 billion people smoke. In Qatar, Smoking cessation services (SCSs) are provided free of charge to citizens and at a minimal cost to non-citizens. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of the smoking cessation program adopted by the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) of Qatar. This was achieved through calculating the percentage of smoking cessation service users (survival probabilities) who maintained the non-smoking status after selected follow up periods. Moreover, the study highlighted the possible association of selected explanatory variables with smoking cessation survival probabilities. Methods In this historical cohort study 490 participants were recruited by simple random sampling who attended the smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) in PHCC prior to 30/06/2021. The participants were contacted by phone and invited to participate in the study. The participants who agreed to participate in the study were interviewed utilizing a structured questionnaire. Results Initially 311 (63.5%) of the participants quitted smoking after receiving SCSs. There were statistically significant differences between quitting smoking and the nationality and the educational level of participants (p ≤ 0.001 and 0.02 respectively). About one fourth (23.3%) of individuals who initially quitted smoking relapsed and resumed smoking as early as 6 months after completing their SCC visits. This relapse rate increased to 38.7, 47.2 and 51.1% after 12, 24 and 36 months respectively. Less than a half (45.8%) maintained the non-smoking status after 42 months from their initially quitting. Conclusion and recommendations The findings of the study substantiate the effectiveness of SCSs designed within PHCC both in short- and long-term basis. Younger individuals, smokers with Arab ethnicity, smokers falling within high income and education groups were identified as high-risk groups and need highest focus. The accessibility to the service among the local population can be increased by upscaling the advertisement of the existing services.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigating the socio-demographic characteristics and smoking cessation incidence among smokers accessing smoking cessation services in primary care settings of Qatar, a Historical Cohort Study

Zainel,

Al Mujalli,

Yfakhroo

et al. 2024

Discov Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…showing a robustness when compared with inequality estimated on continuous income variables (Resce et al, 2019;Carnazza et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Income-related inequality in smoking habits: A comparative assessment in the European Union

Carnazza¹,

Liberati²,

Resce³

2023

Health Policy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Annual household income was treated as a four-level ordinal variable (0–49,999, 50,000–99,999, 100,000–149,999, or ≥ 150,000 Yuan). Previous research has shown that smoking is more widespread among the least well-off ( 34 ). Chronic condition was a binary variable (yes/no) because many studies have reported associations between smoking and chronic diseases ( 35 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between health literacy and e-cigarette use: evidence from Zhejiang, China

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesThe worldwide popularity of electronic cigarettes (ECIG) is becoming a public health concern. Compared to conventional cigarettes (CIG), the harm caused by ECIG is more insidious. Studies have shown that lower health literacy (HL) is associated with CIG use; however, the relationship between HL and ECIG use remains controversial. Because ECIG emerged more recently than CIG, there are fewer relevant studies, and the sample populations and evaluation methods of HL in existing studies differ. This study conducted a large-sample survey to examine the relationship between HL and ECIG use.MethodsAs part of the 2022 China Health Literacy Survey, a total of 60,998 valid questionnaires were collected from September to November in 2022 using a stratified multistage probability proportional to the population size sampling frame. Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between HL and ECIG use. Some demographic variables were included as covariates in the analysis.ResultsThe study showed that the average HL score and the HL level of Zhejiang residents in 2022 were 42.8 and 30.8%, respectively. The prevalence of CIG and ECIG was 19.7 and 1.0%, respectively; 19% of participants exclusively used CIG, while only 0.3% of participants used ECIG exclusively; dual users accounted for 0.6%. After adjusting for covariates, adequate HL was associated with lower odds of ECIG-exclusive use (odds ratio [OR] = 0.452, p < 0.001), CIG-exclusive use (OR = 0.833, p < 0.001), and dual use (OR = 0.632, p < 0.001). Young age, male sex, unmarried status, high-income status, and absence of chronic disease were also associated with ECIG use.ConclusionHL was a protective factor against both patterns of ECIG use, especially ECIG-exclusive use. Health policymakers and public health practitioners should consider HL as a potential measure for ECIG control.

show abstract

Smoking and income distribution: Inequalities in new and old products

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Investigating the socio-demographic characteristics and smoking cessation incidence among smokers accessing smoking cessation services in primary care settings of Qatar, a Historical Cohort Study

Investigating the socio-demographic characteristics and smoking cessation incidence among smokers accessing smoking cessation services in primary care settings of Qatar, a Historical Cohort Study

Income-related inequality in smoking habits: A comparative assessment in the European Union

The association between health literacy and e-cigarette use: evidence from Zhejiang, China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About