Smoking and Malignancy in Schizophrenia

Masterson, Eric; O’Shea, Brian

doi:10.1192/bjp.145.4.429

Cited by 138 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These patients prefer high-nicotine content cigarettes and most frequently smoke the cigarette until the very end where nicotine concentration is higher. 13 It seems that studies investigating neurobiological relations between smoking and schizophrenia provide us with more robust evidence that could be replicated in similar studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine use in patients with schizophrenia evaluated by the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire: a descriptive analysis from a Brazilian sample

Chaves

Shirakawa

2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine use in patients with schizophrenia evaluated by the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire: a descriptive analysis from a Brazilian sample

Chaves

Shirakawa

2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…In one study of institutionalized schizophrenic patients, authors found that 92% of the men and 82% of the women smoked. 16 It is generally documented that smoking, accompanied by beer or wine, further heralds the progression of dependence on other dangerous drugs like marijuana and opioids, 17 and is associated with a variety of serious medical disorders, including cancers. So it might not be surprising that nearly all patients were smoking cigarettes before artane abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) Dependence: A Controlled Investigation between Users and Abusers

Qureshi

Amri

Abdelgadir³

et al. 1997

Ann Saudi Med

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This controlled study aims to identify the socioclinical factors predisposing psychiatric patients to abuse trihexyphenidyl (artane) and to document the extrapyramidal symptoms in artane abusers and users. Thirty patients (n=30), with mainly two major functional psychoses and who were abusing trihexyphenidyl, were compared with 90 artane user patients (n=90), who were matched for both the diagnosis and treatment. Besides a detailed clinical interview, each patient was assessed by using DSM-IIIR criteria, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Simpson and Angus Scale, and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. The analysis of data showed that, compared with users, trihexyphenidyl abusers were significantly characterized by being unmarried, unemployed, smokers and having past and concurrent history of multiple drug abuse, and genetic loading of mental disorders. Both groups of patients were prescribed antipsychotic drugs and trihexyphenidyl on a longer basis. Besides other socioclinical parameters, premorbid personalities, stressful life events and extrapyramidals, including tardive dyskinesias, we did not differentiate between the two groups. Artane abusers, when compared with users, were significantly characterized by less negative psychopathology. However, other psychopathological domains, in particular, the positive symptoms and depression, did not differentiate between abusers and users. In conclusion, patients having these socioclinical profiles tend to develop trihexyphenidyl abuse. The mental health professionals should not prescribe trihexyphenidyl indiscriminately or for a long time to such patients, who indeed require long-term antipsychotic maintenance medications.

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“…People with schizophrenia frequently smoke cigarettes and often smoke heavier than the normal population [9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Additionally, they extract more nicotine from each cigarette they smoke presumably by deeper inhalation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Treating schizophrenia symptoms with an α7 nicotinic agonist, from mice to men

Olincy

Stevens

2007

Biochemical Pharmacology

125

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Current antipsychotic treatments fail to fully address the range of symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly with respect to social and occupational dysfunctions. Recent work has highlighted the role of nicotinic in both cognitive and attentional deficits as well as deficient processing of repetitive sensory information. The predilection for schizophrenia patients to be extremely heavy cigarette smokers may be related to their attempt to compensate for a reduction in hippocampal α7 nicotinic cholinergic receptors by delivering exogenous ligand to the remaining receptors. Studies in rodent models of both learning and memory deficits and deficits in sensory inhibition have confirmed a role for α7 subtype of the nicotinic cholinergic receptors in these processes. Rodent studies also demonstrated the efficacy of a selective partial α7 nicotinic agonist, DMXBA, to improve these deficits. Subsequent human clinical trials demonstrated improved sensory inhibition in 12 schizophrenia patients and showed improvement in several subtests of the RBANS learning and memory assessment instrument. These data suggest that therapeutic agents selected for α7 nicotinic activity may have utility in treating certain symptoms of schizophrenia. KeywordsSchizophrenia; nicotinic receptors; DMXBA; P50 auditory evoked potential; cognitive deficits; nicotine Although the positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions of schizophrenia are partially treated with the available antipsychotic medications, social and occupational dysfunction remains a major issue in treating this disorder. Cognitive deficits have been identified as more closely related to ability to adequately function [1]. In the search for new and more effective therapeutic agents for schizophrenia, recent attention has turned the nicotinic cholinergic receptors system. α7 and P50 Auditory GatingPeople with schizophrenia, in addition to the cardinal symptoms of hallucinations and delusions, suffer from the inability to focus attention. This may stem from being overwhelmed

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Smoking and Malignancy in Schizophrenia

Cited by 138 publications

References 12 publications

Nicotine use in patients with schizophrenia evaluated by the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire: a descriptive analysis from a Brazilian sample

Nicotine use in patients with schizophrenia evaluated by the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire: a descriptive analysis from a Brazilian sample

Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) Dependence: A Controlled Investigation between Users and Abusers

Treating schizophrenia symptoms with an α7 nicotinic agonist, from mice to men

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