Smoking and middle ear disease: Are they related? A review article

Blakley, Brian W.; Blakley, Joan E.

doi:10.1016/s0194-5998(95)70281-4

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It has been hypothesized that environmental tobacco smoke may lead to ETD as a result of disruption in mucociliary clearance mechanisms of the eustachian tube, chemical irritation, allergic inflammation of the mucosa in response to chemicals contained in the tobacco smoke, and overall immunosuppressive effects secondary to tobacco smoke exposure that could lead to greater susceptibility to bacterial infections of the middle ear [ 5 ]. However, a survey of the literature conducted in 1995 did not find sufficient support in prior studies for the association of passive smoking with ETD; they cited the inadequate inclusion of other risk factors, potentially biased inclusion and exclusion criteria, and inappropriate use of statistical tests as potential shortcomings of the reviewed literature [ 6 ]. Eustachian tube dysfunction often manifests as acute otitis media with effusion (OME), recurrent acute otitis media with effusion (RAOME), or chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Eustachian Tube Disorders in US Children and Adolescents

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesTo describe the association between active, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and the prevalence of eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in the U.S. pediatric population.Study DesignCross-sectional.SettingU.S. representative demographic and audiometric data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES);2005–2010.Subjects and MethodsThe study consisted of 2,977 children aged 12–19 years. ETD was defined as middle ear pressure <100mm H20. ETS was defined as non-active smoking in individuals with serum cotinine over the limit of detection (≥0.015 ng/mL) and <10 ng/mL(N = 1559).ResultsThe prevalence of ETD was 6.1%. After multivariate adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, education level, ethnicity, or having a cold, sinus problem or earache during the last 24 hours, compared to unexposed children, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of ETD for those exposed to ETS ages 12–15 in the first, second and third tertile of cotinine concentrations were, respectively, 1.38 (0.53–3.60), 0.99 (0.53–3.60) and 2.67 (1.12–6.34). Similarly, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of ETD for those exposed to ETS ages 16–19 in the first, second and third tertile of cotinine concentrations were, respectively, 1.28 (0.48–3.41), 0.99 (0.40–2.48) and 2.86 (1.19–6.88).ConclusionThese data suggest that children and adolescents exposed to high concentrations of ETS may have an increased prevalence of ETD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Eustachian Tube Disorders in US Children and Adolescents

et al. 2016

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“…Furthermore, a direct relation exists between pack-years cigarette smoking of parents and the prevalence of the disease. Blackley and Blackley [7], and few others [15] [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vague presentations of otitis media in early stages and coincidence of the disease with the time of learning and speaking of the child cause many problems such as stuttering, delay of speaking, indifference of children at school, and educational problems [3]. Various risk factors are implicated, such as sex, race, premature delivery, passive smoking, allergy, asthma, family size, bottle feeding, socioeconomic status, cleft palate adenoid hypertrophy, which have been studied and are still controversial [4]- [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children

Elmagd¹,

Yousef²,

El-Asheer³

et al. 2015

IJOHNS

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The aim of this study is to detect the risk factors associated with otitis media with effusion (OME) among children with age ranged from 6 months to 2 years. Materials and Methods: it is a crosssectional study 500 children were selected from Assiut University Hospital clinics through multistaged randomized sampling. Parents of these children were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Clinical examination, including otoscopic examination and tympanometry was performed for each child. Results: There was no statistical significant relationship between OME and gender, age, mother job. There is statistical significant relationship between OME and breast feeding, using pacifier, mother education, sibling of children and exposure to passive smoking. Conclusion: There are multiple risk factors associated with OME in children between 6 months to 2 years of age.

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“…Similar to gender, the literature has shown mixed results. Some studies have failed to indicate any association with parental smoking and otitis media [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 15 ], while others demonstrate a clear relationship [ 4 , 5 , 8 ]. There was a trend toward increased parental smoking within our older patient cohort compared to our younger cohort (OR 1.61, p = 0.09).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Refractory and Delayed De novo Otitis Media Requiring Pressure Equalization Tube Insertion

Bowe

Jatana

Kang

2015

Int J Otorhinolaryngol

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Objective Limited data exists regarding risk factors for otitis media in older children and specifically those for which surgical intervention is performed. This study investigated potential risk factors in this older age group who required pressure equalization tube (PET) insertion. Study design Retrospective cohort study Setting Tertiary care pediatric academic medical center Subjects and methods Children 6–12 years old undergoing PET insertion between October 1, 2010 and September 30, 2011. Data was stratified into two separate age cohorts (6–7 versus 8–12-year-olds) and compared using chi-square analysis. Results A total of 263 patients met study criteria. PET insertion was most common in 6 year-olds (36%, 95/263). Presence of siblings (p=0.03) and history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (p<0.01), otalgia (p<0.05), otorrhea (p<0.001), and nasal discharge (p<0.001) were common in the older cohort. No statistical difference was found for history of recurrent acute otitis media, allergy, asthma, or atopy between the two groups (p=0.23–0.92), although the overall prevalence of these conditions was high in both cohorts. Conclusion The 8–12-year-olds had a history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection and more infectious symptoms than the 6–7-year-olds. Atopy can lead to a heightened susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections and potential increase in the relative risk of otitis media. In our patient population, while there was no statistically significant difference in history of asthma, allergy, or atopy, the overall prevalence within both cohorts was relatively high. Therefore, this study provides insight into many pertinent and potentially modifiable risk factors for older children requiring PET insertion.

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Smoking and middle ear disease: Are they related? A review article

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Eustachian Tube Disorders in US Children and Adolescents

Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Eustachian Tube Disorders in US Children and Adolescents

Risk Factors of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children

Risk Factors for Refractory and Delayed De novo Otitis Media Requiring Pressure Equalization Tube Insertion

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