Smoking and SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19): Dangerous Liaisons or Confusing Relationships?

Volti, Giovanni Li; Caruso, Massimo; Polosa, Riccardo

doi:10.3390/jcm9051321

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…20,25,27,50 While it is highly unlikely for the majority of cigarette smoke compounds to have any potential benefit considering their toxic characteristics and oxidative stress and inflammation-promoting properties, some researchers have hypothesized that these findings might imply a protective effect of nicotine. [50][51][52][53] It was recently reported that many of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 could be explained by a dysfunction of the nicotinic cholinergic system, and it was hypothesized that nicotine could modulate the immune response by restoring the function of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. 52 Severe COVID-19 appears to represent a hyper-inflammatory response that could result from dysregulation of the immune system and a failure to return to homeostasis after being activated to combat viral invasion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current smoking, former smoking, and adverse outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Farsalinos

Barbouni

Poulas

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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164

154

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Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and effects of current smoking on adverse outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: A systematic review of the literature (PubMed) identified 18 (from a total of 1398) relevant studies. Pooled current smoking prevalence was compared with the gender-adjusted and gender and age-adjusted, population-based expected prevalence by calculating prevalence odds ratio (POR). The association between current, compared with non-current and former, smoking and adverse outcome was examined. A secondary analysis was performed by including 12 pre-publications (30 studies in total). All analyses were performed using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Among 6515 patients, the pooled prevalence of current smoking was 6.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.8–9.1%]. The gender-adjusted POR was 0.20 (95% CI: 0.16–0.25, p < 0.001), and the gender and age-adjusted POR was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.19–0.30, p < 0.001). Current smokers were more likely to have an adverse outcome compared with non-current smokers [odds ratio (OR): 1.53, 95%CI: 1.06–2.20, p = 0.022] but less likely compared with former smokers (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.27–0.74, p = 0.003). When pre-publications were added ( n = 10,631), the gender-adjusted POR was 0.27 (95% CI: 0.19–0.38, p < 0.001) and the gender and age-adjusted POR was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.24–0.48, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis of retrospective observational case series found an unexpectedly low prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Hospitalized current smokers had higher odds compared with non-current smokers but lower odds compared with former smokers for an adverse outcome. Smoking cannot be considered a protective measure for COVID-19. However, the hypothesis that nicotine may have a protective effect in COVID-19 that is partially masked by smoking-related toxicity and by the abrupt cessation of nicotine intake when smokers are hospitalized should be explored in laboratory studies and clinical trials using pharmaceutical nicotine products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current smoking, former smoking, and adverse outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Farsalinos

Barbouni

Poulas

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

Self Cite

164

154

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“…No estudo de Brake et al (2020), os autores propõem que o receptor da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 -ACE2-seja regulado positivamente no epitélio das vias aéreas dos fumantes, indicando que os fumantes podem ser mais suscetíveis à infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 e possivelmente pela COVID-19. Estudos confirmam estas informações e tratam da expressão ampliada deste receptor em pneumócitos do tipo 2, não apenas no cigarro comum, como também nos cigarros eletrônicos (Cai et al, 2020;Olds & Kabbani, 2020;Smith et al, 2020;Volti et al, 2020). Acredita-se que este é o principal mecanismo associado à progressão da COVID-19 em pacientes tabagistas, e em breve devem surgir novos estudos que demonstrem intervenções neste mecanismo para o tratamento destes indivíduos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Reflexões sobre a associação entre o tabagismo e COVID – 19: revisão de literatura

Pessoa

Santos

Rodrigues³

et al. 2020

RSD

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A patogênese do COVID-19 é amplamente desconhecida, e os dados são limitados sobre as características clínicas dos pacientes e seus fatores prognósticos, presumindo -se que o tabagismo esteja possivelmente associado ao prognóstico adverso da doença. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever baseando-se na literatura científica a associação entre o consumo de tabaco e a progressão da COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa, e realizaram-se buscas na base de dados PUBMED e BIREME, utilizando os descritores “tobacco” and “COVID-19”, de artigos completos e gratuitos publicados no ano de 2020. A amostra final desta revisão foi constituída por 8 (oito) artigos científicos. As principais alterações relacionadas com a progressão da COVID-19 em indivíduos tabagistas nos estudos analisados foram: maior expressão do gene do receptor ACE2 em fumantes, contribuindo com a progressão dos sintomas, o aumento da resposta inflamatória em fumantes subcrônicos de cigarros eletrônicos, o enriquecimento da via androgênica e à regulação positiva específica dos genes reguladores da via central e a realização de campanhas de combate ao tabagismo. Enquanto os processos fisiopatológicos relacionados não forem totalmente elucidados, é importante reforçar as campanhas de manutenção de hábitos de vida saudáveis, dentre os quais a não utilização de tabaco, mesmo em formas alternativas, como por exemplo, cigarros eletrônicos, pois o uso está associado à maior predisposição às manifestações clínicas mais severas da doença.

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“…A ssociation between smoking and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognosis is a subject of scientific dispute. [1][2][3] Even though smokers seem to represent a disproportionately small part of hospitalized patients, 3,4 a meta-analysis of Chinese studies did not show a significant association between smoking and the severity of COVID-19. 5 Farsalinos et al concluded that smoking is generally harmful, but nicotine may be considered as a treatment option for COVID-19 due to low prevalence of smokers among patients hospitalized in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Smoking, Vaping, and Tobacco Industry During COVID-19 Pandemic: Twitter Data Analysis

Kamińśki

Muth

Bogdański

2020

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking

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The reports suggesting a beneficial effect of nicotine on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity may encourage smoking. We aimed to analyze tweets on COVID-19 and smoking coming from casual Twitter users and Twitter accounts representing the tobacco industry. We collected tweets on COVID-19 and smoking from January 1 to May 1, 2020, using Twitter application programming interface. We analyzed sentiment, likes, or retweet to followers ratios, and the posts coming from the casual users to find pieces of news that could affect the discourse. Tweets coming from industry were analyzed manually. We analyzed n = 33,890 tweets on COVID-19 and smoking. The sentiment of tweets was negative, hitting a nadir in mid-March, but became less negative in April when preprints suggesting benefits from smoking on COVID-19 were released. Similar trends were observed for the ratios of likes or retweets to followers. We found 58 messages from the tobacco industry concerning COVID-19. Twenty-two (37.9 percent) mentioned the efforts of tobacco companies to support the development of a COVID-19 vaccine. Two tweets included Food and Drug Administration statements that there is no evidence that vaping increases the risk of COVID-19. The occurrence of preprints suggesting benefits of smoking in COVID-19 might increase sentiment and reactions to tweets on tobacco products and the virus. The authors of potentially controversial articles should restrain from the promotion of their results before the completion of the peer-review process. Twitter presents a convenient tool to monitor e-discourse during a health crisis. The research community should monitor the tobacco industry's social media.

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Smoking and SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19): Dangerous Liaisons or Confusing Relationships?

Abstract: We read with great interest the article by Brake SJ and colleagues [...]

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Current smoking, former smoking, and adverse outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Current smoking, former smoking, and adverse outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Reflexões sobre a associação entre o tabagismo e COVID – 19: revisão de literatura

Smoking, Vaping, and Tobacco Industry During COVID-19 Pandemic: Twitter Data Analysis

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