Smoking and Unstable Plaque in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review of The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases

Aminuddin, Amilia; Cheong, Siao Suan; Roos, Nur Aishah Che; Ugusman, Azizah

doi:10.7150/ijms.79889

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Conforme observado em outros estudos, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica juntamente com dislipidemia foram as comorbidades mais frequentes na amostra (Khalil et al, 2021;Paudel et al, 2019). A proporção de tabagistas em metade desta população mostrou-se mais alta do que a normalmente encontrada nos estudos, sendo um fator de risco importante para DAC, muito associado à instabilidade da placa aterosclerótica (Aminuddin et al, 2023;Soeiro et al, 2018;Kumar Jha et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Escore SYNTAX e microalbuminúria em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda

Pressuto,

Silva Junior,

Rocha Neto

et al. 2024

RSD

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Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a microalbuminúria (MAU) em pacientes não diabéticos com síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) internados no Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, submetidos a estratificação de risco invasiva através de cineangiocoronariografia, correlacionando sua dosagem com a gravidade das lesões coronarianas calculadas pelo escore SYNTAX. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, prospectivo, incluindo pacientes não diabéticos, acima de 18 anos, com SCA, submetidos a coleta de urina para dosagem de MAU antes do cateterismo cardíaco ou em até 24 horas da admissão hospitalar, durante o período de maio a dezembro de 2023. Pacientes com taxa de filtração abaixo de 30 mL/min/1,73 m² e submetidos a intervenção coronariana percutânea ou revascularização do miocárdio anteriormente foram excluídos do estudo. Resultados: Foram analisados 20 pacientes, 55% do sexo masculino com média de idade de 61,2 anos (± 12,6). Hipertensão arterial sistêmica e dislipidemia foram as comorbidades mais prevalentes (65%). Infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST e IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST foram responsáveis por 80% dos pacientes com SCA. A prevalência maior de acometimento de vasos coronarianos foi de vaso único e vaso triplo, cada um correspondendo a 30%, e o SYNTAX médio calculado foi de 12 (± 13,2). O valor médio de MAU foi de 197,4 (negativo) e a correlação entre o SYNTAX e as taxas de MAU não foi significativa (p=0,112; r=-0,377). Conclusão: Não foi observada relação estatisticamente relevante entre os valores de MAU e a gravidade das lesões coronarianas calculadas pelo escore de SYNTAX.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Escore SYNTAX e microalbuminúria em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda

Pressuto,

Silva Junior,

Rocha Neto

et al. 2024

RSD

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“…Dyslipidemia is common in ACS patients and requires effective management for secondary prevention, yet many fail to achieve optimal lipid levels despite treatment efforts. [8] Smoking is a substantial risk factor for ACS [9] . Over a 4-year period, continuing to smoke after developing ACS was linked to a 78% increased relative risk of death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors on Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case Control Study

Kusuma,

I Gede Bagus Gita Pranata Putra

2024

CCJ

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Highlights: 1. Smoking duration, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hyperuricemia, are significantly associated with ACS. 2. Obesity and hypertension are identified as risk factors for inpatient ACS. - Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is defined by the abrupt reduction or total obstruction of blood flow to the myocardium. Recognized risk factors for ACS include conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, as well as variables like age, gender, and family history of the ailment. The objective of this research was to examine the prevalence and importance of modifiable risk factors associated with ACS. Material and Methods: The study is structured as a prospective case-control study. The research sample comprises 100 ACS patients, categorized into three groups: STEMI, NSTEMI, and UAP. The Chi-Square test and logistic regression were used to examine the samples. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: ACS occurred more frequently in male patients (54%) and those aged ≥ 40 years (85%). Several factors demonstrated significant associations with ACS, including smoking habits, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hyperuricemia. Among these, inpatient ACS was notably linked with obesity (OR: 7.42; 95% CI: 1.48-37.11; p=0.015) and hypertension (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03-0.53; p=0.005). The presence of ACS was also correlated with a notable increase in inpatient care, with obesity and hypertension emerging as risk factors for inpatient ACS. Conclusion: ACS was more common in males and individuals aged 40 or older, with significant associations identified between ACS and various factors, including smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, hyperuricemia, and hypertension, with obesity and hypertension specifically linked to inpatient ACS.

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“…Even after quitting smoking, the increased risk of coronary heart disease can persist for up to 20 years [2]. A large body of evidence has indicated that smoking accelerates atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque formation [3][4][5]. Over the past few decades, efforts have been made to reduce the harmful effects of smoking by lowering tar yield, the primary toxic component in cigarettes [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette tar accelerates atherosclerosis progression via RIPK3-dependent necroptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress in vascular smooth muscle cells

Bai,

Wang,

Luo

et al. 2024

Cell Commun Signal

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Background Tar is the main toxic of cigarettes, and its effect on atherosclerosis progression and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a key role in atherogenesis and plaque vulnerability. The present study sought to investigate the mechanism of atherosclerosis progression through tar-induced VSMC necroptosis, a recently described form of necrosis. Methods The effect of tar on atherosclerosis progression and VSMC necroptosis was examined in ApoE−/− mice and cultured VSMCs. The role of necroptosis in tar-induced plaque development was evaluated in RIPK3-deletion mice (ApoE−/−RIPK3−/−). The key proteins of necroptosis in carotid plaques of smokers and non-smokers were also examined. Quantitative proteomics of mice aortas was conducted to further investigate the underlying mechanism. Pharmacological approaches were then applied to modulate the expression of targets to verify the regulatory process of tar-induced necroptosis. Results Tar administration led to increased atherosclerotic plaque area and reduced collagen and VSMCs in ApoE−/− mice. The expression of RIPK1、RIPK3、and MLKL in VSMCs of plaques were all increased in tar-exposed mice and smokers. RIPK3 deletion protected against VSMC loss and plaque progression stimulated by tar. In mechanistic studies, quantitative proteomics analysis of ApoE−/− mice aortas suggested that tar triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. PERK-eIF2α-CHOP axis was activated in tar-treated VSMCs and atherosclerotic plaque. Inhibition of ER stress using 4PBA significantly reduced plaque progression and VSMC necroptosis. Further study revealed that ER stress resulted in calcium (Ca2+) release into mitochondria and cytoplasm. Elevated Ca2+ levels lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which consequently promote RIPK3-dependent necroptosis. In addition, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activated by cytosolic Ca2+ overload binds to RIPK3, accounting for necroptosis. Conclusion The findings revealed that cigarette tar promoted atherosclerosis progression by inducing RIPK3-dependent VSMC necroptosis and identified novel avenues of ER stress and Ca2+ overload.

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Smoking and Unstable Plaque in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review of The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Escore SYNTAX e microalbuminúria em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda

Escore SYNTAX e microalbuminúria em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda

Prevalence and Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors on Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case Control Study

Cigarette tar accelerates atherosclerosis progression via RIPK3-dependent necroptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress in vascular smooth muscle cells

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