Smoking as an Effect Modifier of the Association of Calcium Intake With Bone Mineral Density

Breitling, Lutz Philipp

doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2190

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is similar to the Ca intake reported in the general population [37]. Adequate Ca intake from the diet is associated with decreased risks for fracture, non-fatal CVD, stroke, and all-cause mortality [38] however, no evidence suggests that smoking is detrimental to Ca nutrition [39]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Smokers report lower intake of key nutrients than nonsmokers, yet both fall short of meeting recommended intakes

et al. 2017

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Smoking is a major risk factor in the development of preventable disease which may be due to a poorer diet and the reduced nutrient intake of smokers. Our objective was to compare and evaluate the reported intake of current smokers to that of nonsmokers among participants of a study evaluating stress and smoking. We hypothesized that 1) overall energy and nutrient intake would be reduced in smokers compared to non-smokers and 2) that smokers would have increased noncompliance with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Men and women (smokers n=138, nonsmokers n=46) completed a 3-day diet record at baseline. Mean energy and nutrient intakes were stratified by smoking status and compared to DRI levels. The mean BMI was 28.3±0.5 kg/m2 for smokers and 27.2±1.0 kg/m2 for nonsmokers. Compared to nonsmokers, the smokers reported lower intakes of energy, total polyunsaturated fatty acids, linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, total sugars, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin A and vitamin E. Smokers reported reduced compliance with the DRI for iron, phosphorus, vitamin C, riboflavin, and folate compared to nonsmokers. Unlike other evaluations of smokers vs. nonsmokers, we observed no difference in body weight between groups. Smokers and nonsmokers alike reported dietary intakes lower than the DRI for many nutrients. However, the reported nutrient intake of the smokers was substantially lower than nonsmokers for key nutrients and they were more likely to not comply with the DRI for essential nutrients placing them as increased risk of chronic disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Smokers report lower intake of key nutrients than nonsmokers, yet both fall short of meeting recommended intakes

et al. 2017

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“…The correlational analysis did not find a significant effect for serum osteocalcin (OC) or tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme 5b (TRACP 5b) [ 55 ]. The interaction between smoking and other compounds found smoking with calcium intake did not reach statistical significance for BMD [ 19 ]; however, elderly women with the lowest tertile of choline who were exposed to nicotine had the highest risk for low BMD (OR=4.56, 95%CI: 1.87-11.11) [ 49 ]. One prospective study found growth hormone (GH) therapy after 3-5 years did not significantly improve total BMC of smokers (P = 0.09) [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review

Al-Bashaireh

Haddad

Weaver

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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This systematic review explored associations between smoking and health outcomes involving the musculoskeletal system. AMSTAR criteria were followed. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct returned 243 articles meeting inclusion criteria. A majority of studies found smoking has negative effects on the musculoskeletal system. In research on bones, smoking was associated with lower BMD, increased fracture risk, periodontitis, alveolar bone loss, and dental implant failure. In research on joints, smoking was associated with increased joint disease activity, poor functional outcomes, and poor therapeutic response. There was also evidence of adverse effects on muscles, tendons, cartilage, and ligaments. There were few studies on the musculoskeletal health outcomes of secondhand smoke, smoking cessation, or other modes of smoking, such as waterpipes or electronic cigarettes. This review found evidence that suggests tobacco smoking has negative effects on the health outcomes of the musculoskeletal system. There is a need for further research to understand mechanisms of action for the effects of smoking on the musculoskeletal system and to increase awareness of healthcare providers and community members of the adverse effects of smoking on the musculoskeletal system.

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“…Además, el hábito tabáquico también se ha relacionado con el fenómeno de osteoporosis. Algunos autores defienden que el consumo de tabaco tiene una correlación negativa con la ingesta de calcio, haciendo referencia directamente al estilo de vida de los individuos 21 . En nuestro estudio observamos como los fumadores muestran niveles de calcio en sangre más altos, en consonancia con otros autores que muestran como el tabaco produce un aumento de la reabsorción ósea, lo cual justificaría niveles más elevados de calcio 22 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Pancreatitis crónica: análisis de factores de progresión de la enfermedad

Diéguez

Jiménez

Martín³

et al. 2022

Rev. méd. Chile

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Chronic pancreatitis: analysis of disease progression factorsBackground: Alcohol and tobacco are important risk factors for chronic pancreatitis (CP). Aim: To analyze the effect of etiological factors such as tobacco and alcohol and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) in the progression of CP. Material and Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of CP were recruited and grouped according to variables such as tobacco, alcohol and PERT. They were followed for 18 months. Subsequently, different variables and analytical parameters involved in the progression of the disease were analyzed. Results: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with CP were included. Of these, 28 patients underwent PERT, 39 were smokers and 33 were alcohol users. Compared with patients without PERT, those with PERT had a higher proportion of diabetes (64 and 32%, respectively), had a higher need for endoscopic treatment (25 and 0%, respectively) and a normal body mass index (71 and 27.3%, respectively. The smokers had higher calcium levels and increased lymphocytosis and leukocytosis. The alcohol consumption group had a higher mean age (p = 0.04) Conclusions: PERT may improve the nutritional status but does not reduce the need for endoscopic or surgical treatment. Smoking and alcohol consumption favored the progression of CP. Also, smoking induced a pro-inflammatory state.

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Smoking as an Effect Modifier of the Association of Calcium Intake With Bone Mineral Density

Abstract: Even though the present results cannot rule out that smoking-associated differences in calcium absorption exist, they do suggest that smoking behavior does not have any relevant impact on the beneficial effects of calcium intake on bone mineral density at the population level.

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Smokers report lower intake of key nutrients than nonsmokers, yet both fall short of meeting recommended intakes

Smokers report lower intake of key nutrients than nonsmokers, yet both fall short of meeting recommended intakes

The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review

Pancreatitis crónica: análisis de factores de progresión de la enfermedad

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