Smoking by family members and friends and electroniccigarette use in adolescence: A systematic review and metaanalysis

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests that smoking by family members and friends is a strong predictor of smoking uptake in adolescents, yet the influence on electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has not been systematically reviewed and quantified. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by searches of the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases up to December 2016. The summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included in this meta-analysis. A positive association was observed between adolescent e-cigarette use and smoking by family members (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.30-1.66) and friends (OR=2.72, 95% CI=1.87-3.95), even after adjusting for the individual smoking status. Stratified by family members, the association with smoking in siblings (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.35-2.60) was more prominent than that in parents (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.19-1.68) and other family members (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.12-1.72). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that smoking by family members and friends is significantly associated with increased probability of e-cigarette use in adolescents.

Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Use and Its Determinants among 13-to-15-Year-Old Students in Greece: Results from the 2013 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)

“…The current study's findings are consistent with other cross-sectional and cohort studies [34][35][36], which have found that male gender and prior addictive substance use (including tobacco smoking) is positively associated with e-cigarette use. Other cross-sectional studies [37] have also found that smoking in the family is positively associated with student e-cigarette use, whereas the current study found that e-cigarette use in the family is a predictor of student e-cigarette use. Overall, the temporal sequence between the presumed predictors and outcomes is unclear; nevertheless, the evidence supports the idea that family members influence each other's habits with regard to the use of nicotine-containing products.…”

Relationship between health literacy in substance use and alcohol consumption and tobacco use among adolescents, Northeast Thailand

“…They might encourage or discourage health behaviors through modeling, discussion, and advice or sharing on the health information that may help to prevent and reduce exposure to health risks. [ 12 13 25 26 ] Peers also influence teenagers’ receipt of health information (e.g., alcohol use, smoking, and sexual and deviant behaviors) and health decisions through normative peer pressures or lifestyle practices of their age group. [ 1 12 ] Therefore, youth who receive accurate information about alcohol- or smoking-related health effects might have increased health awareness and know-how to deal with the risk of using substances.…”

“…[ 1 12 ] Therefore, youth who receive accurate information about alcohol- or smoking-related health effects might have increased health awareness and know-how to deal with the risk of using substances. [ 7 14 27 ] However, vice versa , they receive inaccurate information, especially from parents or peers who drink or smoke, such as positive outcomes of alcohol use or smoking and share social network norms toward substance used;[ 13 14 28 ] youth may trust their parents or peers easily and are unable to interpret and judge the relevance of the information on risk factors. This, in turn, lead them to make decisions of trying drinking alcohol or smoking.…”

“…[ 1 5 12 ] Moreover, prior researches have shown that HL determinants such as age, gender, household income, alcohol expectancies (AEs), and smoking outcome expectancies (SOE). [ 5 13 14 15 16 17 ] Nevertheless, HLSU may influence the substance abuse, but there is no other study related among adolescent and there are no statistics and evidence available on this subject in Thailand. [ 18 19 ] Thus, investigating the effect of HLSU on substance abuse may help reduce the risk of their substance abuse behaviors and provide guidance for developing the substance abuse prevention interventions.…”

Awareness, current use of electronic cigarettes and associated smoking factors in Zhejiang Chinese adolescents

“…Considering the popularity and potential adverse impacts on health, an understanding of the associated factors of e-cigarettes use is warranted to further prevent adolescents from initiating e-cigarettes use. In nature, e-cigarettes are novel tobacco and nicotine products, and research has indicated that factors associated with e-cigarettes use were similar to those related to cigarette smoking [17]. From this perspective, one way to prevent e-cigarettes use in adolescents is to avoid their exposure to relevant smoking factors.…”