Smoking Cessation in Adolescents: targeted approaches that work

Towns, Susan; DiFranza, Joseph R.; Jayasuriya, Geshani; Marshall, Tracey; Shah, Smita

doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2015.06.001

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Attention should be given to how to provide appropriate information so members of the public can make informed decisions while avoiding methods that may be perceived as self-serving to the eye-care profession. Youth establish potentially life-long impactful health habits (for example, tobacco, diet, alcohol) 31,32 and may benefit from engagement in appropriately designed and targeted wellness programs, 33,34 thus there may be some benefit in targeting younger age groups and parents of young children. Providing up-to-date public education can be challenging as diagnostic and treatment guidelines evolve over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivators and deterrents for seeking eye care in a Canadian region

Spafford

Sivak

Lillakas

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background Motivators and deterrents for seeking eye care in a Canadian setting were sought using a qualitative study. Provincial deregulation of eyewear dispensing in 2010 allows consumers to order eyewear without an optical prescription, thus eliminating a potential motivator for obtaining an eye examination. Methods Convenience sampling was used to obtain 25 members of the public who contributed to one of seven focus groups that were facilitated, audiotaped, anonymised and transcribed. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire. Focus group data analysis employed grounded theory and theme saturation determined the number of focus groups. Results Nine men and 16 women participated, ranging in age from 18 to 71 years (mean 41.5; median 40.0). Three main themes were identified as influencers for seeking eye care: priority; advice; and capacity. Priority served as a motivator (‘lived experience’, ‘symptoms’, and ‘habit’) and deterrent (‘test distress’, ‘asymptomatic’, ‘don't know’ and ‘other priorities’). Advice was a motivator (‘professional’ and ‘family/friends’), while capacity was a motivator (‘insurance’) and deterrent (‘cost’). Conclusion The motivators and deterrents of seeking eye care in these focus groups were framed by three themes. Key findings not reported previously included the motivators of ‘habit’, ‘advice’ and ‘insurance’ and the potential deterrent of ‘test distress’. These factors should be added to other previously reported motivators and deterrents in further exploration of Canadian eye‐care seeking behaviours. Such knowledge is needed to develop strategies for improving eye‐care literacy in Canada. This is particularly important because eyewear deregulation and/or online eye examinations may encourage members of the public to bypass comprehensive eye care without fully understanding the implications of this decision for their health and wellness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivators and deterrents for seeking eye care in a Canadian region

Spafford

Sivak

Lillakas

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…Many studies have examined the contours and effects of tobacco control efforts directed at youth [4][5][6], and several have considered the influence of Synar implementation [7,8]. Tobacco control initiatives and, more specifically, Synar implementation have been shown to reduce smoking quite significantly among minors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What does the broader research literature indicate concerning Synar effectiveness? A handful of previous studies have evaluated the impact of Synar implementation, and several point to some measure of success concerning the impact of this policy [6,7,[17][18][19][20]. One detailed audit of state and federal documents related to Synar revealed a universal adoption of laws to restrict youth tobacco access and near universal enforcement of such laws, with the latter conclusion supported by a marked decline in RVRs in the early 2000s [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Impact of the Synar Program: Tobacco Access and Use among Youth in Mississippi, the South, and the U.S.

Avery¹,

Bartkowski

et al. 2019

Healthcare

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1) Background: This study examines the impact of Synar policy adoption on youth commercial access to tobacco products in Mississippi, the South, and the remaining U.S. The principal focus on youth commercial access is complemented by analyses of Synar's impact on minors' non-commercial access to tobacco and tobacco use patterns. Mississippi has been especially aggressive in implementing Synar, as evidenced by its unusually low retailer violation rates (RVRs). Synar, a mandatory, enforceable regulation meant to limit youth's retail access to tobacco, was implemented nationwide in 1997. This study is governed by a combination of conceptual insights from a diffusion of health innovation perspective and structuration theory. (2) Methods: Repeated cross-sectional data from 1995 to 2011 from the CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey are analyzed using a pre/post-implementation, quasi-experimental analytic strategy. Tobacco access and use in the pre-Synar era (1995)(1996)(1997) are compared with two post-Synar periods (1999-2005 and 2007-2011), thereby highlighting diffusion effects related to this policy innovation within Mississippi, the South, and the remaining U.S. (3) Results: Analyses of temporal trends reveal that Mississippi and other study regions effectively restricted commercial access to tobacco. Positive outcomes associated with Synar adoption were observed several years after initial implementation, thus supporting a diffusion of innovation perspective. However, results also reveal that Mississippi youth were more inclined than their counterparts elsewhere to gain access to tobacco through non-commercial means after Synar implementation, and that declines in tobacco use among Mississippi youth were less robust than those observed elsewhere. Such variegated effects are in line with expectations linked to structuration theory. (4) Conclusions: Synar policy implementation has been generally effective at deterring youth access to tobacco and, in many cases, has yielded declines in tobacco use. However, there is no evidence that especially aggressive retailer compliance checks in Mississippi have yielded distinctive benefits for youth in this state.

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“…Tobacco use trends have changed. Smoking prevalence has steadily declined over the previous decades [1, 2]. From 1991 to 2002, the number of people smoking 15 or more cigarettes per day (cpd) has fallen in the age groups of 18–29, 30–44, and 45–64 years [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The public often has an inaccurate perception that light smoking has no risk [5] and may not even consider light smoking as actually smoking. In a recent study, Towns and her colleagues provided evidence of the addictive nature of light smoking in adolescents [2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Light Cigarette Smoking Patterns and Adult Cigarette Smoking

Wiener¹,

Shockey

Morgan

2016

Advances in Epidemiology

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PurposeLight cigarette smoking has had limited research. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between light smoking in adolescence with smoking in adulthood.MethodsNational Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data, Waves I and IV, were analyzed. Previous month adolescent smoking of 1–5 cigarettes/day (cpd) (light smoking); 6–16 cpd (average smoking); 17 or more cpd (heavy smoking); and nonsmoking were compared with the outcome of adult smoking.ResultsAt baseline, 15.9% of adolescents were light smokers, 6.8% were average smokers, and 3.6% were heavy smokers. The smoking patterns were significantly related to adult smoking. In logistic regression analyses, adolescent light smokers had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.45 (95% CI: 2.00, 3.00) of adult smoking; adolescent average or heavy smokers had AOR of 5.57 (95% CI: 4.17, 7.43) and 5.23 (95% CI: 3.29, 8.31), respectively.ConclusionIndividuals who initiate light cigarette smoking during adolescence are more likely to smoke as young adults.Practical ImplicationsWhen screening for tobacco use by adolescents, there is a need to verify that the adolescents understand that light smoking constitutes smoking. There is a need for healthcare providers to initiate interventions for adolescent light smoking.

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Smoking Cessation in Adolescents: targeted approaches that work

Cited by 29 publications

References 96 publications

Motivators and deterrents for seeking eye care in a Canadian region

Motivators and deterrents for seeking eye care in a Canadian region

Evaluating the Impact of the Synar Program: Tobacco Access and Use among Youth in Mississippi, the South, and the U.S.

Adolescent Light Cigarette Smoking Patterns and Adult Cigarette Smoking

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