Smoking cessation interventions for adults aged 50 or older: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background The older population size has increased substantially, and a considerable proportion of older adults are cigarette smokers. Quitting smoking is associated with reduced health risk. This review is among the first to quantitatively assess the relative efficacy of types of cessation interventions for smokers aged ≥ 50 years. Methods We conducted searches of the Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO to identify smoking cessation studies on adults aged ≥ 50 years. Twenty-nine randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Three main types of interventions were identified. We analyzed relative cessation rates or Risk Ratios (RRs) between the type of intervention groups and the control group by fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses at the study level. We conducted a weighted least squares meta-regression of cessation rates on trial and sample characteristics to determine sources of outcome heterogeneity. Results Fixed-effects analysis showed significant treatment effects for pharmacological (RR=3.18, 95% CI: 1.89–5.36), non-pharmacological (RR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.67–1.94), and multimodal interventions (RR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.41–1.84) compared with control group. Estimations based on meta-regression suggested that pharmacological intervention (mean point prevalence abstinence rate (PPA) = 26.10%, CI: 15.20–37.00) resembled non-pharmacological (27.97%, CI: 24.00–31.94), and multimodal interventions (36.64%, CI: 31.66–41.62); and non-pharmacological and multimodal interventions had higher PPAs than the control group (18.80%, CI: 14.48–23.12), after adjusting for a number of trial and sample characteristics. Conclusions A small number of smoking cessation studies examined smokers aged ≥ 50 years. Additional research is recommended to determine smoking cessation efficacy for diverse older population groups (e.g., ethnic minorities).

Prevalence and Predictors of Current and Former Tobacco Use among Older Adults in Indonesia

“…Prevalence and Predictors of Current and Former Tobacco Use among Older Adults in Indonesia Supa Pengpid 1,2 , Karl Peltzer 2,3 * cessation strategies (Chen and Wu, 2015;Marinho et al, 2010). Risk factors for current tobacco use among older adults include sociodemographic and health variables.…”

Smoking Cessation in a Chronic Pancreatitis Population

“…As the cessation specialist incorporated counseling services based on social learning theory with motivational interviewing techniques and cognitive behavioral strategies in-person, we believed this would supplement the aid QuitWorks gave patients over the phone as a recent meta-analysis demonstrated the overall effectiveness of these techniques in smoking cessation. 38 One patient who met with the cessation specialist did indeed quit for a period of 3 months by the 12-month follow-up period, but by the 18-month period had relapsed. Nevertheless, this additional method did not help our group of patients.…”

Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Community-Based Nursing Interventions for Smoking Cessation in Adults: Study Protocol of a Systematic Review

“…In order to achieve success in smoking cessation activities, it is crucial to determine the most effective interventions and apply them to the practice. In the literature, frequently used smoking cessation interventions were identified in three main topics as pharmacological, nonpharmacological and multi-modal approaches (Chen & Wu, 2015). Non-pharmacological approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational support, enhancing selfefficacy, counseling and specifically structured educational interventions, were proven as more effective strategies in the current literature related to smoking cessation (Byers et al, 2018; Elshatarat, Yacoub, Khraim, Saleh, & Afaneh, 2016; Hughes & Naud, 2016; Moura, Menezes, Mariano, Silva, & Sousa, 2011).…”

“…Non-pharmacological approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational support, enhancing selfefficacy, counseling and specifically structured educational interventions, were proven as more effective strategies in the current literature related to smoking cessation (Byers et al, 2018; Elshatarat, Yacoub, Khraim, Saleh, & Afaneh, 2016; Hughes & Naud, 2016; Moura, Menezes, Mariano, Silva, & Sousa, 2011). In a meta-analysis, non-pharmacological and multi-modal approaches were found more effective than pharmacological treatment in smoking cessation in adults (Chen & Wu, 2015). The main philosophy of health promotion is to teach healthy lifestyle behaviors to individuals and to support them maintaining these behaviors.…”