Smoking cessation, weight gain, and changes in cardiovascular risk factors during menopause: the Healthy Women Study.

Burnette, Mili; Meilahn, Elaine N.; Wing, Rena R.; Kuller, Lewis H.

doi:10.2105/ajph.88.1.93

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Women might have increased their dietary energy intake as a result of giving up smoking, since smoking cessation was shown to be associated with weight gain in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women. 40 However, although there were slightly more smokers in this group, only three women in this group had given up smoking since the first visit.…”

Section: Weight Changesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Longitudinal changes in weight in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women: effects of dietary energy intake, energy expenditure, dietary calcium intake and hormone replacement therapy

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether energy intake or energy expenditure affects 5-7 y weight gain in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women, and whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use or dietary calcium (Ca) intake are contributory factors. DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational study of healthy women around the menopause. SUBJECTS: A total of 1064 initially premenopausal women, selected from a random population of 5119 women aged 45-54 y at baseline. In all, 907 women (85.2%) returned 6.370.6 y later for repeat measurements. Of these, 36% were postmenopausal (no HRT) and 45% had taken HRT, and 898 women completed the questionnaires. MEASUREMENTS: Weight, height, estimation of energy intake by food frequency questionnaire and physical activity level (PAL) by questionnaire. RESULTS: Change in PAL influenced weight change explaining 4.4% (P ¼ 0.001) of the variation. Alterations in dietary energy intake also had a small but significant effect (0.6% P ¼ 0.013). Dietary Ca intake had no effect on weight or weight change. CONCLUSION: Mean weight had increased and was influenced more by reduced energy expenditure rather than increased energy intake. HRT and dietary Ca intake did not influence weight gain.

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Section: Weight Changesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Longitudinal changes in weight in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women: effects of dietary energy intake, energy expenditure, dietary calcium intake and hormone replacement therapy

et al. 2003

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“…Most smokers will gain fewer than 5 kg after quitting, 70-73 a negligible health threat compared with the risks associated with continued smoking. 74 Since smoking cessation is the priority, aggressive treatment to fight the weight gain (e.g., strict dieting) are not recommended during a quit attempt. Once the patient has successfully quit smoking, he or she should be encouraged to maintain or adopt a healthy lifestyle, including exercise, eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, and limiting alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Nonpharmacologic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of tobacco dependence: integrating recent progress into practice

Foll¹,

George²

2007

Canadian Medical Association Journal

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Smoking is currently responsible for the death of 1 in 10 adults worldwide, or about 5 million deaths each year. Half of the 650 million people who smoke today will eventually be killed by tobacco, 1 and this morbidity and mortality can be mostly avoided if people stop smoking. 2The prevalence of smoking varies greatly around the world. Over 4.5 million people are current smokers in Canada, representing 18% of the population aged 15 years and older.

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“…Men tend to have higher plasma LDL-C and lower HDL-C concentrations than comparably aged premenopausal women, and some studies have also reported higher VLDL-C, triglycerides, and apoB concentrations 9,10,12–17. Data from cross sectional9,10,17–24 and longitudinal studies23,25–27 have shown that post- compared to premenopausal women have higher plasma total, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and triglyceride concentrations. It has been hypothesized that these differences might partly explain the lower CVD risk in premenopausal women and the higher but comparable CVD risk between postmenopausal women and men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Specific Differences in the Kinetics of Nonfasting TRL, IDL, and LDL Apolipoprotein B-100 in Men and Premenopausal Women

Matthan

Jalbert

Barrett

et al. 2008

ATVB

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Objective-To investigate mechanisms underlying gender differences in serum lipoprotein concentrations, the kinetic behavior of apoB-100 was assessed. Methods and Results-Twenty subjects (Ͻ50 years; 12 men and 8 premenopausal women) were provided a Western diet for 4 to 6 weeks, after which the kinetics of apoB-100 in triglyceride-rich, intermediate-density, and low-density lipoprotein (TRL, IDL, and LDL) were determined in the fed state. Nonfasting plasma TC, LDL-C, and triglyceride concentrations were 23%, 34%, and 57% lower, respectively, in the women compared with men. Plasma TRL and LDL apoB 100 pool sizes were lower by 40% and 30%, respectively. These differences were accounted for by higher TRL and LDL apoB 100 fractional catabolic rates (FCR), rather than differences in production rates (PR). Plasma TRL-C and LDL-C were positively correlated with TRL and LDL apoB 100 concentrations and pool size, and negatively correlated with TRL and LDL apoB 100 FCR (women: rϭϪ0.59, PϽ0.01 and rϭϪ0.54, PϽ0.04, and men: rϭϪ0.43, PϽ0.05 and rϭϪ0.44, PϽ0.05). No significant associations were observed between plasma TRL-C and LDL-C and PR. Conclusions-These data suggest the mechanism for lower TRL-C and LDL-C concentrations in women was determined predominantly by higher TRL and LDL FCR rather than lower PR. This could explain, in part, the lower CVD risk in premenopausal women relative to men. Key Words: apolipoproteins Ⅲ gender Ⅲ metabolism Ⅲ stable isotopes Ⅲ CVD C ardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence differs between men and women. Among men aged 20 to 44 years the prevalence of CVD is one-third higher than women of the same age (34% versus 24%, respectively). Between the ages of 45 to 54 years, the prevalence is similar, but above the age of 55 years, it is higher in women. 1 Among women, CVD death rates after menopause are 2 to 3 times higher than women of the same age before menopause. [2][3][4] Lipid abnormalities, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, atherogenic diet, and sedentary lifestyle are well established risk factors for CVD. 1,5 Among the lipid risk factors, elevated LDL-C and triglycerides, and decreased HDL-C concentrations have been independently linked to the progression of CVD. Gender, age and menopausal differences in plasma concentrations of both LDL-C and HDL-C have been documented. 6 -11 Men tend to have higher plasma LDL-C and lower HDL-C concentrations than comparably aged premenopausal women, and some studies have also reported higher VLDL-C, triglycerides, and apoB concentrations. 9,10,[12][13][14][15][16][17] Data from cross sectional 9,10,17-24 and longitudinal studies 23,25-27 have shown that post-compared to premenopausal women have higher plasma total, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and triglyceride concentrations. It has been hypothesized that these differences might partly explain the lower CVD risk in premenopausal women and the higher but comparable CVD risk between postmenopausal women and men. However, limited information is available on the mechanism(s) underlying the gender related differences on ci...

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Smoking cessation, weight gain, and changes in cardiovascular risk factors during menopause: the Healthy Women Study.

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

Longitudinal changes in weight in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women: effects of dietary energy intake, energy expenditure, dietary calcium intake and hormone replacement therapy

Longitudinal changes in weight in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women: effects of dietary energy intake, energy expenditure, dietary calcium intake and hormone replacement therapy

Treatment of tobacco dependence: integrating recent progress into practice

Gender-Specific Differences in the Kinetics of Nonfasting TRL, IDL, and LDL Apolipoprotein B-100 in Men and Premenopausal Women

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