Smoking Cessation with E-Cigarettes in Smokers with a Documented History of Depression and Recurring Relapses

Caponnetto, Pasquale; Polosa, Riccardo; Auditore, Roberta; Russo, Cristina; Campagna, Davide

doi:10.4236/ijcm.2011.23046

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In surveys with non-probability samples, laboratory research and other case reports, the majority of reported side effects were minor, including mouth or throat irritation/dryness,42–44 53 cough,47 80 86 vertigo,43 53 headache43 47 53 and nausea 43 53. In three prospective trials in which smokers tried ENDS for 6 or 12 months, there were no serious adverse events 75–77.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although successful quitting was generally not associated with ENDS use in large surveys,58 61 68 74 in convenience sample surveys, focus groups, case studies and interviews with dedicated ENDS users, they often reported that using the product helped them quit smoking42–44 46–50 80 81 86 or significantly reduce tobacco use,42 44 48 often despite being heavy smokers or having failed quit attempts in the past 43 44 46 48–50 80 81 86. Unlike quitting smoking, reducing smoking may not represent a positive public health outcome, given that it may indicate dual use of ENDS and regular cigarettes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review

2013

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Objective We sought to systematically review the literature on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, also called electronic cigarettes) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs. Data sources We searched five databases for articles published between 2006 and 1 July 2013 that contained variations of the phrases ‘electronic cigarette’, ‘e-cigarette’ and ‘electronic nicotine delivery’. Study selection Of the 244 abstracts identified, we excluded articles not published in English, articles unrelated to ENDS, dissertation abstracts and articles without original data on prespecified outcomes. Data extraction Two reviewers coded each article for ENDS awareness, use, reactions and beliefs. Data synthesis 49 studies met inclusion criteria. ENDS awareness increased from 16% to 58% from 2009 to 2011, and use increased from 1% to 6%. The majority of users were current or former smokers. Many users found ENDS satisfying, and some engaged in dual use of ENDS and other tobacco. No longitudinal studies examined whether ENDS serve as ‘gateways’ to future tobacco use. Common reasons for using ENDS were quitting smoking and using a product that is healthier than cigarettes. Self-reported survey data and prospective trials suggest that ENDS might help cigarette smokers quit, but no randomised controlled trials with probability samples compared ENDS with other cessation tools. Some individuals used ENDS to avoid smoking restrictions. Conclusions ENDS use is expanding rapidly despite experts’ concerns about safety, dual use and possible ‘gateway’ effects. More research is needed on effective public health messages, perceived health risks, validity of self-reports of smoking cessation and the use of different kinds of ENDS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review

2013

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“…Users report needing time to familiarise themselves with e-cigarettes to get satisfaction [21,32], and studies that have reported some of the highest blood nicotine levels associated with e-cigarette use were undertaken in experienced users [33]. We have attempted to address this by providing participants with detailed illustrated instructions of how to use e-cigarettes, and requiring that they try them for a week prior to embarking on their quitting attempt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a few studies have been conducted that show promise for the potential of e-cigarettes as cessation aids [19-21], none have been adequately powered. As noted, a number of surveys of users suggest potential in this area, but to date, no randomised trials that evaluate the long- term efficacy e-cigarettes on abstinence, in smokers motivated to quit, have been completed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of electronic cigarettes versus nicotine patch for smoking cessation

et al. 2013

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BackgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems [ENDS]) are electrically powered devices generally similar in appearance to a cigarette that deliver a propylene glycol and/or glycerol mist to the airway of users when drawing on the mouthpiece. Nicotine and other substances such as flavourings may be included in the fluid vaporised by the device. People report using e-cigarettes to help quit smoking and studies of their effects on tobacco withdrawal and craving suggest good potential as smoking cessation aids. However, to date there have been no adequately powered randomised trials investigating their cessation efficacy or safety. This paper outlines the protocol for this study.Methods/designDesign: Parallel group, 3-arm, randomised controlled trial. Participants: People aged ≥18 years resident in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) who want to quit smoking. Intervention: Stratified blocked randomisation to allocate participants to either Elusion™ e-cigarettes with nicotine cartridges (16 mg) or with placebo cartridges (i.e. no nicotine), or to nicotine patch (21 mg) alone. Participants randomised to the e-cigarette groups will be told to use them ad libitum for one week before and 12 weeks after quit day, while participants randomised to patches will be told to use them daily for the same period. All participants will be offered behavioural support to quit from the NZ Quitline. Primary outcome: Biochemically verified (exhaled carbon monoxide) continuous abstinence at six months after quit day. Sample size: 657 people (292 in both the nicotine e-cigarette and nicotine patch groups and 73 in the placebo e-cigarettes group) will provide 80% power at p = 0.05 to detect an absolute difference of 10% in abstinence between the nicotine e-cigarette and nicotine patch groups, and 15% between the nicotine and placebo e-cigarette groups.DiscussionThis trial will inform international debate and policy on the regulation and availability of e-cigarettes. If shown to be efficacious and safe, these devices could help many smokers as an alternative smoking cessation aid to standard nicotine products.Trial registrationAustralian NZ Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12610000866000).

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“…Studies of Swedish smokers who switch to a chewable form of smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff) as a replacement for smoking show that the use of this product is associated with minimal health risks and reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease [34]. Recent research with electronic cigarettes, battery-operated products designed for the purpose of nicotine delivery has found them to be safe and effective in helping smokers remain abstinent [35][36][37].…”

Section: What To Do In Case Of Relapse? a Practical Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handling relapse in smoking cessation: strategies and recommendations

Caponnetto

Keller²,

Bruno

et al. 2012

Intern Emerg Med

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Once established, smoking is a very difficult addiction to break. Many smokers persist in tobacco use for several years and typically cycle through multiple periods of remission and relapse. Smoking cessation is not a single event but a process, and relapse is an ordinary component of this process. While international guidelines place great emphasis on relapse prevention, very little can be found about managing smokers who have relapsed. This article is intended to address the challenge of managing smokers who relapse in the course of a smoking cessation program. This knowledge may lead to an improved smoking cessation outcomes.

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Smoking Cessation with E-Cigarettes in Smokers with a Documented History of Depression and Recurring Relapses

Abstract: The association between nicotine dependence and affective disorders, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD)

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review

Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review

Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of electronic cigarettes versus nicotine patch for smoking cessation

Handling relapse in smoking cessation: strategies and recommendations

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