Smoking During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Smoking Rates and Intention to Quit Smoking or Resume After Pregnancy

Hannöver, Wolfgang; Thyrian, Jochen René; Ebner, A.; Röske, K.; Grempler, Julia; Kühl, Reinhard; Hapke, Ulfert; Fusch, Christoph; John, Ulrich

doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0419

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…There is a high rate of smoking relapse among women who quit smoking during pregnancy (McBride & Pirie 1990, O'Campo et al 1992, Hannöver et al 2008. Nonetheless, most epidemiological and experimental studies on maternal smoking or nicotine exposure were performed during pregnancy or pregnancy and lactation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nicotine exposure affects mother's and pup's nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal profiles during lactation in rats

Oliveira¹,

Pinheiro²,

Santos-Silva³

et al. 2010

Journal of Endocrinology

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We have shown that maternal nicotine exposure during lactation has long-lasting effects on body adiposity and hormonal status of rat offspring. Here, we studied the nutritional and hormonal profiles in this experimental model. Two days after birth, osmotic minipumps were implanted in lactating rats divided into two groups: NICcontinuous s.c. infusions of nicotine (6 mg/kg per day) for 14 days and C -saline. Dams and pups were killed at 15 and 21 days of lactation. Body weight and food intake were evaluated. Milk, blood, visceral fat, carcass, and adrenal gland were collected. All the significant data were P!0 . 05. At the end of nicotine exposure (15 days), dams presented higher milk production, hyperprolactinemia, and higher serum highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Milk from NIC dams had higher lactose concentration and energy content. After nicotine withdrawal (21 days), dams showed lower food intake and hyperleptinemia. The 15-day-old NIC pups presented higher total body fat, higher HDL-C, serum leptin, serum corticosterone, and adrenal catecholamine content, but lower tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels. The 21-day-old NIC pups had higher body protein content and serum globulin. Thus, maternal nicotine exposure during lactation results in important changes in nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in dams and offspring. The pattern of these effects is clearly distinct when comparing the nicotineexposed group to the withdrawal group, which could be important for the programming effects observed previously.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies reveal that most women who stop smoking during gestation relapse during lactation (McBride & Pirie 1990, O'Campo et al 1992, Hannöver et al 2008. Lactation is a critical period of life once important cognitive and neurological developments occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine exposure affects mother's and pup's nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal profiles during lactation in rats

Oliveira¹,

Pinheiro²,

Santos-Silva³

et al. 2010

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Pregnancy is a critical period for promoting breastfeeding intentions 46 as well as smoking cessation. 12,47 Thus, in designing future studies, researchers should be aware that, like all preliminary correlational studies, this study cannot ascertain causality: Whether longer smoking abstinence periods prior to pregnancies predict success with breastfeeding initiation, or whether breastfeeding initiation predicts longer periods of smoking abstinence. Either outcome would be informative to public health and both smoking and breastfeeding intervention and education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[7][8][9][10][11] Understanding factors associated with breastfeeding initiation among smoking women is critical to efforts aimed at improving breastfeeding rates in this group of women. Approximately 10-15% of pregnant women smoke tobacco, 12 and these rates are higher among minority and medically underserved women (i.e., disadvantaged, economically deprived individuals with socioeconomic barriers to healthcare information and access). [13][14][15] For example, low income and education are consistently associated with smoking during pregnancy and postpartum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Longer Previous Smoking Abstinence Relates to Successful Breastfeeding Initiation Among Underserved Smokers

Collins

DiSantis

Nair

2011

Breastfeeding Medicine

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine sociodemographic and behavioral factors related to successful breastfeeding initiation among medically underserved maternal smokers-a population with persistently low rates of initiation. Subjects and Methods: Pretreatment data from a larger randomized behavioral counseling, secondhand smoke reduction trial was examined for this study. Maternal smokers with babies younger than 4 years old reported breastfeeding behaviors. Mothers who breastfed for >4 weeks (n ¼ 50) were matched with mothers who never initiated breastfeeding based on infant age, gender, and maternal race. Multinomial logistic regression analysis tested the hypothesis that a greater duration of mothers' longest previous smoking abstinence would predict successful breastfeeding initiation in the context of other sociodemographic and behavioral factors known to relate to breastfeeding (e.g., education level, income, and maternal age). Results: The sample consisted of current maternal smokers with a mean age of 28.8 AE 7.1 years. Among participants, 94% were African American, 81% were single, 63% reported an annual family income less than $15,000, and 76% had completed a high school education or less. Logistic regression demonstrated that a longer duration of previous smoking abstinence and education beyond high school predicted breastfeeding initiation. Conclusions: Maternal smokers' previous success at smoking abstinence may increase the likelihood of successful breastfeeding initiation. To improve prenatal health education for maternal smokers with low education levels, researchers should explore the utility of merging smoking cessation and postpartum relapse prevention advice within the context of lactation counseling to maximize success of smokers' efforts to initiate breastfeeding.

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“…From the article of Lanting et al (2009) it turns out that convincing not to light a cigarette is more efficient than blaming, which contains a smoking cessation plan. Several researchers show that pregnancy may be a strong motivator to quit smoking remarked by Hannõver et al (2008) and Schneider et al ( 2008). The factors that constrain smoking cessation are anxiety and anger as brought out by Agrawal et al (2008), also depression by Martin et al (2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Experiences and Views of Pregnant Women on Smoking

Kaasik-Aaslav

Vanatoa

Kotkas

2014

EMHPJ

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24Urve KaasikAaslav, Mare Vanatoa, Ene Kotka Backround: Worldwide, approximately 1 billion people, from which 200250 million are women, smoke. Based on the Estonian Medical Birth Register data, in 2010, 7,5% of pregnant women were smokers, and in 2012, 7% of pregnant women were smoking during their pregnancy. Thus, smoking rates among pregnant women fell only 0,5%. The objective of the research was to find out the views of pregnant women who were smoking during pregnancy of the effect of smoking on the health of them and their babies, and experiences in quitting smoking, changing indicators, e.g. smoking and socioeconomical status (initial exposure to smoking, employment, longterm partnerships etc.) in 20092013.Methods: This research is a phenomenological study, which was being carried out from October 2009 until January 2013. Data collection methods were semistructured interviews with 45 pregnant women smoking during their pregnancy and being registered for antenatal care in three health care institutions of Republic of Estonia. An inductive approach for qualitative analysis was used.Results: Most women smoking during pregnancy started smoking in their teens, their parents smoked, they were under 30 years old housewives or unemployed. On an average of 1120 cigarettes were consumed each day, the pregnancy of the research group did not influence frequency and tobacco intake. The participants in the research group reported that tobacco consumption helped them relax, gave them a chance to spend time in a good company, and it was not regarded as a bad habit but a social addiction, being caused by availability of tobacco products. Although most of them had an opinion about harmful effects of smoking, e.g. a cough, asthma and rapid fatigue, on the health of them and less on their expected babies, they continued smoking.Conclusions: The smoking and socioeconomical status of women smoking during pregnancy in 20092013 has not changed, health awareness of them is low and has not improved. Support groups with close relatives are needed to motivate cessation. In the first place, prevention needs a good example, purposeful cooperation, which starts in daily life context at homes, in educational institutions and in the community. Limiting the availability of tobacco products, postponing and preventing an initial exposure to smoking are thought to be of great importance. The results of the research will be introduced in health care institutions and they can be used in the health promotion process.

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Smoking During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Smoking Rates and Intention to Quit Smoking or Resume After Pregnancy

Abstract: Smoking and relapse rates indicate a need for increased efforts to reduce smoking during pregnancy and postpartum. Reported intention to quit or resume does not reflect the high number of relapses. Indicators for relapse need to be found.

Cited by 33 publications

References 40 publications

Nicotine exposure affects mother's and pup's nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal profiles during lactation in rats

Nicotine exposure affects mother's and pup's nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal profiles during lactation in rats

Longer Previous Smoking Abstinence Relates to Successful Breastfeeding Initiation Among Underserved Smokers

Experiences and Views of Pregnant Women on Smoking

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