Smoking habits and recurrence in Crohn's disease

Cottone, Mario; Rosselli, Matteo; Orlando, Ambrogio; Oliva, L; Puleo, A; Cappello, Maria; Traina, Mario; Tonelli, Francesco; Pagliaro, Luigi

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(94)90697-1

Cited by 403 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Smokers, particularly females, were also hospitalized and underwent surgeries more frequently than non-smokers. Cottone et al have shown that macroscopic lesions on the ileal site of the anastomosis were observed 1 year after surgery in 70% of smokers vs. 35% of non-smokers and 27% of former smokers (11). However, due to the relatively short period of observation (mean: 2.4±1.5 yrs; median: 2.0 yrs) this effect was not observed in the study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Several studies have also underlined the importance of nicotine smoking in pathogenesis of CD (6,7), although it is not a universal finding (8,9). Smoking has been demonstrated to have a detrimental effect on the course of the disease by many authors (10)(11)(12)(13). The meta-analysis performed by Calkins yielded a pooled odds ratio (OR) 2.0 (1.65-2.47) in current smokers and OR 1.80 (1.33-2.51) in former smokers compared to life-time non-smokers (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different effect of smoking on genders in Crohn’s disease

Karczewski

Poniedziałek²,

Rzymski³

et al. 2015

Turk J Gastroenterol

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Background/Aims: Smoking is a well-established environmental risk factor in Crohn's disease (CD). The study was aimed to investigate possible gender differences in the effect of smoking on the course of CD, with a special focus on selected immune parameters such as Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Materials and Methods: A group of 55 adults with CD was enrolled to the study. The analysis of clinical, demographic and immunological characteristics of patients was performed according to their smoking status and gender. Values were considered significant when p≤0.05. Results: Patients who smoked, particularly females, more frequently suffered from a moderate-to-severe form of the disease, requiring glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive therapies. Smokers, particularly females, were also hospitalized and underwent surgeries more frequently than non-smokers. Cytometric analysis showed higher levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines and lower levels of peripheral Tregs in female smokers and former smokers, comparing to males from these subgroups.Conclusion: Presented results demonstrate that in all investigated subgroups, particularly however among current smokers and former smokers, female patients seemed to be more affected by CD. Females developed more severe form of the disease and experienced the onset earlier than men. The imbalance between pro-and anti-inflammatory factors observed in CD patients was also more distinct in female smokers and former smokers, comparing to males, and could substantially contribute to the severity of the disease. Exposure to smoking seems to be one of the environmental factors contributing to the gender differences in CD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different effect of smoking on genders in Crohn’s disease

Karczewski

Poniedziałek²,

Rzymski³

et al. 2015

Turk J Gastroenterol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In terms of the risk for recurrence or relapse, Cottone et al [2] found smoking to be an independent risk factor for the development of clinical (hazard ratio 1.46), surgical (hazard ratio, 2.0), or endoscopic recurrence (OR 2.2) in a group of 182 patients who underwent surgery for CD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease: Is it disease or organ specific

Karban¹

2007

WJG

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Smoking is an important environmental factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with differing effects in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Never smoking and formerly smoking increase the risk of UC, whereas smoking exacerbates the course of CD. The potential mechanisms involved in this dual relationship are yet unknown. A reasonable assumption is that smoking has different effects on the small and large intestine. This assumption is based on animal and human studies that show that the effects of smoking/nicotine on CD and UC depend on the site of inflammation and not on the type of disease.

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“…Former smokers have the same recurrence rates as never-smokers, supporting the importance of smoking cessation for CD patients. 6 Furthermore, smoking is associated with more complicated disease, a higher need for steroids and immunosuppressants and poorer response rate to infliximab. 5,7 Notwithstanding this substantial epidemiological evidence, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which smoking affects the gut and interferes with CD pathogenesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking alters epithelial apoptosis and immune composition in murine GALT

Verschuere

Bracke

Demoor

et al. 2011

Laboratory Investigation

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Smokers have a twofold increased risk to develop Crohn's disease (CD). However, little is known about the mechanisms through which smoking affects CD pathogenesis. Especially Crohn's ileitis is negatively influenced by smoking. Interestingly, the ileum and, more in particular, the Peyer's patches in the terminal ileum are also the sites where the first CD lesions are found. Several chemokines are implicated in the pathogenesis, among which is the CCL20-CCR6 pathway. Here, we studied the gut-associated lymphoid tissue in C57BL/6 wild-type mice and in CCR6-deficient mice after exposure to air or cigarette smoke for 24 weeks. Apoptotic index of the follicle-associated epithelium overlying the Peyer's patches was evaluated. We found that chronic smoke exposure induced apoptosis in the follicle-associated epithelium. Furthermore, immune cell numbers and differentiation along with chemokine expression were determined in Peyer's patches. Important changes in immune cell composition were observed: total dendritic cells, CD4 þ T cells (including regulatory T cells) and CD8 þ T cells increased significantly after smoke exposure. The CD11b þ dendritic cell subset almost doubled. Interestingly, these changes were accompanied by an upregulated mRNA expression of the chemokines CCL9 and CCL20. However, no differences in the increase of dendritic cells were observed between wild-type and CCR6-deficient mice. Our results show that cigarette smoke exposure increases apoptosis in the follicle-associated epithelium and is associated with immune cell accumulation in Peyer's patches.

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Smoking habits and recurrence in Crohn's disease

Cited by 403 publications

References 21 publications

Different effect of smoking on genders in Crohn’s disease

Different effect of smoking on genders in Crohn’s disease

Effect of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease: Is it disease or organ specific

Cigarette smoking alters epithelial apoptosis and immune composition in murine GALT

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