Smoking, hemorheologic factors, and progression of peripheral arterial disease in patients with claudication

Smith, F. B.; Lowe, G. D. O.; Lee, A.J.; Rumley, Ann; Leng, G. C.; Fowkes, F. G. R.

doi:10.1016/s0741-5214(98)70208-3

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Among traditional risk factors, current smoking appeared to be the most powerful predictor of LV-PAD progression. These data, based on objective measurements, are in line with the majority of [27][28][29][30][31] but not all 22,32,33 studies on the clinical progression of PAD. Smoking cessation is considered a first-line treatment among smokers with PAD.…”

Section: Aboyans Et Al Risk Factors For Pad Progression 2625supporting

confidence: 83%

Risk Factors for Progression of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Large and Small Vessels

et al. 2006

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Background-Data on the natural history of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are scarce and are focused primarily on clinical symptoms. Using noninvasive tests, we assessed the role of traditional and novel risk factors on PAD progression. We hypothesized that the risk factors for large-vessel PAD (LV-PAD) progression might differ from small-vessel PAD (SV-PAD). Methods and Results-Between 1990 and 1994, patients seen during the prior 10 years in our vascular laboratories were invited for a new vascular examination. The first assessment provided baseline data, with follow-up data obtained at this study. The highest decile of decline was considered major progression, which was a Ϫ0.30 ankle brachial index decrease for LV-PAD and a Ϫ0.27 toe brachial index decrease for SV-PAD progression. In addition to traditional risk factors, the roles of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A, lipoprotein(a), and homocysteine were assessed. Over the average follow-up interval of 4.6Ϯ2.5 years, the 403 patients showed a significant ankle brachial index and toe brachial index deterioration. In multivariable analysis, current smoking, ratio of total to HDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were related to LV-PAD progression, whereas only diabetes was associated with SV-PAD progression. Conclusions-Risk

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Section: Aboyans Et Al Risk Factors For Pad Progression 2625supporting

confidence: 83%

Risk Factors for Progression of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Large and Small Vessels

et al. 2006

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“…The results of this combined ana lysis were highly consistent [4] and this combined OR is compatible with the known effect of VWF on PVD [68]. In particular, there is evidence that VWF levels are increased in subjects with peripheral arterial disease [69] and that the level of VWF has been shown to be predictive of peripheral artery graft occlusion [70] and, in a prospective cohort of patients with claudication [68], VWF was also predictive of the future development of severe chronic leg ischemia. This association with disease progression that persisted after adjustment for age and sex was partly accounted for by cigarette smoking and severity of disease at baseline.…”

Section: Abo(h) and Arterial Thrombosissupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Despite this, all but one reported a positive OR in relation to non-O blood groups and in meta-ana lysis the OR associated with non-O was 1.45 -with a reasonably narrow 95% CI of 1.35-1.56 [4]. The results of this combined ana lysis were highly consistent [4] and this combined OR is compatible with the known effect of VWF on PVD [68]. In particular, there is evidence that VWF levels are increased in subjects with peripheral arterial disease [69] and that the level of VWF has been shown to be predictive of peripheral artery graft occlusion [70] and, in a prospective cohort of patients with claudication [68], VWF was also predictive of the future development of severe chronic leg ischemia.…”

Section: Abo(h) and Arterial Thrombosissupporting

confidence: 54%

ABO Blood Groups and Thrombosis: A Causal association, But is There Value in screening?

Clark

2011

Future Cardiol.

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ABO(H) antigens are expressed on red cells and on von Willebrand factor. An association between groups other than O and thrombosis exists: an effect that is predominantly mediated by von Willebrand factor. Overall, the risk of venous thrombosis associated with non-O has been estimated at 1.75-fold, with a higher risk (∼ 2.4-fold) in those with the least O(H) antigen (a combined group of A(1)A(1)/A(1)B/BB). Preliminary evidence also suggests that blood group may influence the venous thromboembolism risk associated with factor V Leiden. Overall, ABO(H) has a more modest effect on arterial disease, with a consistent effect observed in peripheral vascular disease and no influence evident with angina. A modest effect on myocardial infarction and stroke has been reported in some but not all studies. The potential mechanisms whereby blood group influences thrombosis, the limitations of current evidence and the current and future role of blood groups in identifying those at risk of arterial and venous disease is discussed.

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“…58 Hemorheologic factors have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of need for vascular intervention. 116 Patients with premature PAD (onset of symptoms at or before age 45) seem to have more rapid progression of disease and generally poorer outcomes. [117][118][119][120][121] One study suggested that PAD progression in large arteries was related to smoking, the total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio, lipoprotein(a), and high-sensitivity CRP, but only diabetes mellitus was associated with progression in smaller arteries.…”

Section: Progression Of Padmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease

Criqui

Aboyans

2015

Circulation Research

1,380

961

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New data on the epidemiology of peripheral artery disease (PAD) are available, and they should be integrated with previous data. We provide an updated, integrated overview of the epidemiology of PAD, a focused literature review was conducted on the epidemiology of PAD. The PAD results were grouped into symptoms, diagnosis, prevalence, and incidence both in the United States and globally, risk factors, progression, coprevalence with other atherosclerotic disease, and association with incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The most common symptom of PAD is intermittent claudication, but noninvasive measures, such as the anklebrachial index, show that asymptomatic PAD is several times more common in the population than intermittent claudication. PAD prevalence and incidence are both sharply age-related, rising >10% among patients in their 60s and 70s. With aging of the global population, it seems likely that PAD will be increasingly common in the future. Prevalence seems to be higher among men than women for more severe or symptomatic disease. The major risk factors for PAD are similar to those for coronary and cerebrovascular disease, with some differences in the relative importance of factors. Smoking is a particularly strong risk factor for PAD, as is diabetes mellitus, and several newer risk markers have shown independent associations with PAD. PAD is strongly associated with concomitant coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. After adjustment for known cardiovascular disease risk factors, PAD is associated with an increased risk of incident coronary and cerebrovascular disease morbidity and mortality.

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Smoking, hemorheologic factors, and progression of peripheral arterial disease in patients with claudication

Abstract: Elevations in rheologic factors may have important effects on further reduction of blood flow in the legs of patients with claudication and promote worsening ischemia and clinical progression of symptoms.

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Risk Factors for Progression of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Large and Small Vessels

Risk Factors for Progression of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Large and Small Vessels

ABO Blood Groups and Thrombosis: A Causal association, But is There Value in screening?

Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease

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