2017
DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001342
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Smoking, HIV, and risk of pregnancy loss

Abstract: Objective:Cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases risks of poor pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage and stillbirth (pregnancy loss), but the effect of smoking on pregnancy loss among HIV-infected women has not been explored. Here, investigated the impact of smoking on risk of pregnancy loss among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, and estimated the potential impact of realistic smoking cessation interventions on risk of pregnancy loss among HIV-positive women.Design:We analyzed pregnancy outcomes i… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(12 citation statements)
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References 50 publications
(51 reference statements)
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“…We also found no effect of BMI, another potentially modifiable risk factor for pregnancy loss,10 also when the risk was assessed specifically for the presence of overweight and/or obesity (data not shown). Finally, we found no significant role of smoking, in discordance with the observations by Flenady et al in the general population10 and by Westreich et al in women with HIV 16. We also found no association of pregnancy loss with hypertension and parity, that represented risk factors in larger studies evaluating the general population 9,10.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 67%
“…We also found no effect of BMI, another potentially modifiable risk factor for pregnancy loss,10 also when the risk was assessed specifically for the presence of overweight and/or obesity (data not shown). Finally, we found no significant role of smoking, in discordance with the observations by Flenady et al in the general population10 and by Westreich et al in women with HIV 16. We also found no association of pregnancy loss with hypertension and parity, that represented risk factors in larger studies evaluating the general population 9,10.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 67%
“…HIV‐positive people who smoke are more likely to get HIV‐related infections such as thrush or pneumonia (Dharma N. Bhatta, Subedi, & Sharma, 2018; Rahmanian et al., 2011). Moreover, smoking causes an increase in the MTCT of HIV (Westreich et al., 2017). Likewise, alcohol is the most commonly abused substance in HIV patients and correlates with illicit drug use (Galvan et al., 2002).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[46]), pooled linear regression (e.g. [59] [30]), multi-state models (e.g. [14, 60]), multinomial regression (e.g.…”
Section: Potential Outcomes and The G-formulamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The point exposure case has become a relatively common example of the g-formula (e.g. [10, 18, 28, 3032, 34, 39, 43, 6573]); likely because it is a straightforward extension to common modeling frameworks. We focus on the more general case of using the g-formula for survival analysis with time-varying exposure and confounders.…”
Section: Potential Outcomes and The G-formulamentioning
confidence: 99%
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